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N352: Practice of Nursing I > Module 1 - Intro to the Older Adult > Flashcards

Module 1 - Intro to the Older Adult Flashcards

1
Q

Gerontology

A

study of the aging processes and individuals as they mature throughout the lifespan and includes:

  1. study of the physical mental and social changes of aging
  2. analysis of the changes in society as a result of an aging population
  3. application of this knowledge to policies and program development
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2
Q

Purpose of the Specialty of Geronotology

A

Dispel the myths of aging

Well educated member of the health care team

Improved health outcomes

Prevent adverse outcomes

Improve quality of care - not only length of life

Relatively new science - recognized
»»>Congress created the national institute of health in 1974

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3
Q

Core Elements of Evidence Based Practice in Gerontological Nursing Practice

A

nursing practice decision making follows research

relies on synthesis and analysis of information

benchmarking

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4
Q

Benchmarking

A

performance compared with best practices

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5
Q

Core Elements of Standards for nursing practice for Gerontological Nursing Practice

A

guide and evaluate nursing practice

state and federal regulations

joint commission

ANA standards

principles based on scientific data

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6
Q

Functions of the Gerontological Nurse: G.e.r.o.n.t.o.l.i.g.i.c.a.l

A

G - guide persons of all ages toward a healthy aging process

E- eliminate ageism

R- respect rights of older adults and ensure others do the same

O - oversee and promote the quality of service delivery

N - notice and reduce risk to health and well being

T- teach and support caregivers

O - open channels for continued growth

L - listen and support

O - offer optimism, encouragement and hope

G - generate, support, use and participate in research

I - implement restorative and rehabilitative measures

C - coordinate and manage care

A - assess, plan, implement, and evaluate care in an individualized holistic manner

L - link services with needs

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7
Q

Functions of the gerontological nurse: N.U.R.S.E

A

N - nurture future geron nurses for advancement of the specialty

U - understand the unique physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of each older adult

R - recognize and encourage the appropriate management of ethical concerns

S - support and comfort through the dying process

E - educate to promote self care and optimal independence

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8
Q

Places Older People Receive Care

A

Skilled nursing facility (nursing homes - 5% here)

Retirement communities (55+)

Adult Care Center (daycare kinda)

Residential Care (live in homes with multiple older adults and nurses)

Transitional Care

Rehabilitation (short term after replacement surgery)

Community Based Home care (help at home with an aide)

Hospitals

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9
Q

Life Expectancy

A

length of time that a person can be predicted to live

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10
Q

Life Span

A

maximum years that a person has the potential to live

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11
Q

Compression of Mortality

A

delaying or compressing the years in which serious illness and decline occur so that an extended life expectancy results in more functional, healthy years

Maintenance and prevention allow for more functional and healthy years down the road

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12
Q

Comorbiditiy

A

the presence of multiple chronic conditions simultaneously

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13
Q

Young-Old

A

60 to 74 years old

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14
Q

Middle - Old

A

75-84 years old

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15
Q

Old-old

A

85 +

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16
Q

Centenarians

A

over 100 years old

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17
Q

Life expectancy continues to rise on average and the average recently in 2010 was…

A

78.3 years old

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18
Q

Disparities for life expectancy exist according to …

A

gender and race

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19
Q

Men average life expectancy versus Female average life expectancy

A

Men - 75.7 y/o

Female - 80.8 y/o

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20
Q

___ are more likely to be living alone in old age

A

Women

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21
Q

UN estimates the old age population will increase from what to what?

A

7.6% to 16.2%

China (129 million), India (77 million), US (40 million), Russian Federation (27 million) nowadays

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22
Q

Highest life expectancy is where and what is it?

A

Japan- 82.9 years old

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23
Q

Lowest life expectancy is where and what is it?

A

African republic - 47 years

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24
Q

HP2020 has what goals for Older Population?

A

Access to quality health services

coordinated and manage health care needs

management of health care needs

recognizing minimum education to care for older adults

support research to equip providers with tools that needed to care for adults

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25
Q

What ways do older generations meet financial needs?

A

Social security

supplemental security income

main source of income is more than half still from part time

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26
Q

Education nowadays…

A

has more colleges graduates than previous ones

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27
Q

What needs and services should we anticipate for when the current “young” become the older generation?

A

Low birth rates (less children to care for aging parents)

better educated than preceding generations

household tends to have higher income

favor more casual dress

high tech consumers

more likely to report feeling stressed

exercise more frequently

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28
Q

Leading cause of death is …

A

heart disease related to obesity

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29
Q

Average length of stay in a hospital for the elderly is…

A

5 days

30
Q

___ is on the rise

A

obesity

31
Q

Most older adults have at least one what?

A

Chronic illness

approximately 80% have them

32
Q

Since the 1980s what has occurred in regard to chronic disability?

A

Limitations in ADL has decreased but about 1/5 report still having chronic disability (among the elderly)

33
Q

___% of elderly have at least 1 chronic illness, and ___% have 2 or more

A

80% = 1

62% = 2+

34
Q

Top 10 Chronic Illnesses/Conditions in Adults 65+

A

Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Arthritis
Ischemic Heart Disease
Diabetes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Heart Failure
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

35
Q

What is main source of health insurance in adults 65+

A

Medicare

36
Q

Medicare

A

Federal health insurance program

37
Q

Medicare Part A

A

covers hospital and other services

38
Q

Medicare Part B

A

covers medical visits services and other services

39
Q

Medicare Part C

A

Medicare advantage plans

not free, must purchase

supplement what A and b cannot do

40
Q

Medicare Part D

A

covering drug plan

does not cover all drugs and sometimes if you reach the maximum and have to pay out of pocket afterwards

41
Q

Theories of aging depend on…

A

the person

no single theory is perfect for one person

42
Q

Biologic Theories of Aging

A

Genetic Theories

Cross Linking Theories

Evolutionary Theories

Free Radical Theories

Wear and Tear Theories

43
Q

Genetic Theories

A

Biologic Theory of Aging

aging is based on DNA

ex: Alzheimers

44
Q

Cross Linking Theories

A

Biologic Theory of Aging

based on cellular division - has to do with body chemistry for aging

45
Q

Evolutionary Theories

A

Biologic Theory of Aging

Based on natural selection and how you adapt to the environment - that is what determines aging

46
Q

Free Radical Theories

A

Biologic Theory of Aging

Aging is related to free radicals and prevention through antioxidants

47
Q

Wear and Tear Theories

A

Biologic Theory of Aging

The body is a machine and aging is the machine breaking down over time so you should maintain upkeep and maintenance to slow aging

48
Q

Biologic Theories of Aging Implications for Nursing

A

the diversity, complexity, and number of theories show there is no one role that impacts the aging process

So, identify elements known to influence aging to promote positive practices and health promotion

49
Q

Psychosocial Theories of Aging

A

Disengagement Theory

Activity Theory

Continuity Theory

Developmental Tasks

Gerotranscendence

50
Q

Disengagement Theory

A

Psychosocial theory of aging

role reversal situation where the person goes against society and says it is now someone else turn to care for them

51
Q

Activity Theory

A

Psychosocial theory of aging

Person determined to stay young and want to go backward

do not give in to old age

52
Q

Continuity Theory

A

Psychosocial theory of aging

People remain the same and do not care they are aging - nothing changes they believe

53
Q

Developmental Tasks Theory

A

Erikson theories

Psychosocial theory of aging

54
Q

Gerotranscendence

A

Psychosocial theory of aging

Most seniors follow this

people start thinking about what is really significant and meaningful to them, so they care less about tangible things and possessions, and more about relationships and connections

meaning of things matter more to them

meaning promotes well being to them

55
Q

Psychosocial Theories of Aging Implications for Nursing

A

nurses play a large role in helping persons experience health, satisfaction and positive experiences

therefore, if we view aging as a process that is negative and hopeless we will negatively impact our patients

view aging as an opportunity to increase satisfaction and joy

56
Q

Things that Contribute to a Long and Health Life for Older Adults

A

Diet

Activity and Exercise

Play and Laughter - release endorphins and remember good times

Faith - not about us, about their believes

Empowerment - help them have control if family oversteps

Stress Management - lots of loss during this time in life (job, people, etc)

57
Q

What is the most important/used level of prevention for Older People?

A

Tertiary since its often too late for primary and secondary for most current elderly

58
Q

Primary Prevention for Older People

A

Health Promotion (less realistic but we could prevent falls):

Educate about lifestyle

injury Prevention

Nutritional assessment

exercise prescriptions as appropriate

avoid tobacco/moderation of alcohol (difficult to get them to stop)

limit exposure of carcinogens

59
Q

Secondary Prevention for Older People

A

Early Diagnosis:

Screening and Health Assessments for function, cognition, mood, mobility, pain integrity, QOL, nutrition, neglect/abuse

referral for and disease cure

MONITOR FOR ABUSE AND NEGLECT- VERY IMPORTANT

60
Q

Tertiary Prevention for Older People

A

The level done most for elders

Integrative care model based on all of the data that we get from doing all of the assessments and screening

multidisciplinary rehabilitation of physical, occupational, speech, and recreational aspects

Short term placement in rehab facilities

appropriate service to increase independence - walkers, canes, home health

Elders need socialization so recreational therapy is very much needed to get them in groups and activities

use PT, recreational therapy, therapy, treatment, etc

61
Q

With older adults its important to do what with services and needs?

A

Match services to needs!

62
Q

How can we match services to needs

A

services must address physical, emotional, social, and spiritual factors

must consider unique and changing needs

care and services must be flexible

services MUST BE individualized

63
Q

Ageism

A

Applying prejudices and stereotypes to older adults due to their age

64
Q

Inner Resource

A

a strength within the person that can be drawn upon when needed

65
Q

Life Review

A

a process of reminiscing or reflecting on one’s life

reflecting to learn from the experiences

66
Q

Retirement

A

the period in which one no longer works

after a while they may feel like its a sad situation since you feel little or no purpose

67
Q

How does Ageism affect society?

A

Biases against older adults leads to alienation through stereotypes and misconceptions

The consequences of ageism include ERODING DIGNITY

68
Q

How do we prevent Ageism?

A

Need to heighten societal awareness of the realities of aging

They DO have stories and knowledge to tell us

69
Q

How do roles change with the elderly?

A

Children of them may become sandwiched as they have to care for both their parent and their own children

Sometimes grandchildren have to take on the role of caring for the elders

Spouses often have to care for the other spouse and this can be rough as they are losing a best friend and life partner

70
Q

Important Environmental Safety Measures for Older Adults

A

lighting

temperature

colors (vibrant colors since vision declines)

scents (don’t upset with perfumes or something too strong)

floor coverings

furniture (no clutter)

Sensory stimulation to keep them using it

noise control

psychosocial considerations

fall and restrains (don’t use restraints as they can kill - need to reduce fall risk)

71
Q

Interventions for Safety for Older Adults

A

nutrition and hydration

sensory deficit consideration

mobility assistance with tools and PT

preventing infections

medication use cautiously (be aware of polypharmacy!)

safe driving (many dread when the doctor takes their license away)

early detection of issues

N352: Practice of Nursing I (14 decks)

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