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EENT > Test one (week one material) > Flashcards

Test one (week one material) Flashcards

1
Q

Charcoal poultice indications

A

Mastitis
Otitis media/externa
Abscesses

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2
Q

Constitutional hydrotherapy indications

A

Bronchitis

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3
Q

Constitutional hydrotherapy contraindications/cautions

A

Acute asthma
Acute bladder infection
Low temp <97.5F oral

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4
Q

Heat compress for throat indications

A

Sore throat/hoarseness
Inflammation of throat
Neck pain

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5
Q

constitutional hydrotherapy MOA

A

Promotes detox
Improves nutrition
Increases immune function

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6
Q

Heat compress for throat MOA

A

Increases circulation + decreases congestion in the throat and head
Sedating
Pain relieving
Increased healing response during acute infection

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7
Q

Onion poultice indications

A

Ear infections
Chest colds
Flu

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8
Q

Warming sock indications

A

Sore throat
Any inflammation or infection
Neck pain
Ear infections
Headaches/migraines
Nasal congestion
URI
Coughs
Bronchitis
Sinus infections

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9
Q

Warming sock MOA

A

Increases circulation and decreases congestion of upper respiratory passages, head, and throat
Sedation
Pain relief
Increases healing response during acute infections

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10
Q

Treatments for eye irritation

A

Ayurvedic or bates eye exercises

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11
Q

Treatments for soothing tired eyes

A

Sterile cotton balls in cold goats milk
Cucumber slices
Witch hazel

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12
Q

Treatments for burning eyes

A

Drop of:
Lukewarm liquid ghee
Castor oil
Cod liver oil

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13
Q

Treatments for acute inflammation of the eyes (glaucoma, iritis, conjunctivitis)

A

Hot compress
Cold potato poultice with cold water towel and wool

Conjunctivitis:
Small ice cold compresses, if chronic then alternating hot and cold

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14
Q

Treatments for cellulitis of eyes

A

Charcoal poultice

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15
Q

Hydro Treatments for otitis media

A

Constitutional hydro
Alternating hot and cold compresses
Warm lamp
Warming socks
Warmed salt in pillow case
Cold wet compress

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16
Q

Hydro treatment for sinusitis

A

Alternating hot and cold compresses over sinuses
Steam inhalation
Neti pot
Lions pose

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17
Q

Hydro treatments for pharyngitis/throat

A

Constitutional hydro with neck compress
Diathermy (if no fever)
High frequency (if fever)
Enema
Heating throat compress
Carrot poultice
Gargling salt water and turmeric
Antimicrobial tea

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18
Q

What makes up the outer ear anatomy?

A

Auricle
Travis
Antitragus
Helix
Lobule
External auditory meatus
Darwin’s tubercle

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19
Q

What makes up the middle ear anatomy?

A

Tympanic membrane (pars flaccida, pars Tessa, umbo, cone of light, short handle of malleus, manubrium long handle, long crus of incus)
Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

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20
Q

What makes up the inner ear anatomy?

A

Eustachian tube
Bony labyrinth (cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals)
Membranous labyrinth

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21
Q

Function of external ear

A

Collects sound energy and channels it into the head

22
Q

Function of middle ear

A

TM captures and transmits sound energy > ossicles

Ossicles convert sound energy > mechanical energy + amplify it, transferring it to oval window of cochlea.

23
Q

Function of inner ear

A

Bony labyrinth: protective/structural
Vestibule: proprioception and balance
Cochlea: conversion of sound energy > electrical energy. Vibrations from ossicles set ends lymph into motion, which causes a flow of positive K+ ions across the neg hairs on organ of corti, causing a synapse to fire to the auditory area of temporal lobe vis 8th cranial nerve > interpreted as sound

24
Q

What is the only vascularized epithelium in the body?

A

Stria vascularis is of the inner ear

25
Q

Stria vascularis function

A

Cells high in mitochondria; backup “battery” for organ of corti, helps to maintain endolymph. It’s vascular supply provides nutrients to the organ of corti while keeping the vessels at a distance minimizing the distraction of noise from blood flow

26
Q

Ddx of ear pain

A

Dermatitis
Chondrites
Lichen planus
Otitis external
Otitis media
Impacted cerumen
Foreign bodies
Osteoma
Rupture

27
Q

What is an osteoma

A

Benign outgrowth of bone found mainly on skull bones

28
Q

Hx differences between AOM and OME

A

Hx AOM:
Secondary to URI
Children <10
Unilateral, blockage sensation, hearing loss > fever; worse at night/lying down
Insomnia, irritability, anorexia (best clues in infant)

Hx OME:
Painless
Popping or gurgling sounds
Plugged feeling
Aural fullness
Allergies or VRI common causes

29
Q

TM appearance in AOM vs OME

A

AOM: red, inflamed, cloudy, fullness/bulging

OME: yellow, amber

30
Q

Are fever/cervical lymphadema signs of AOM or OME?

A

AOM

31
Q

What condition may show bubbles or fluid level retraction and tenting over the short handle of the malleus?

A

OME

32
Q

Light reflex is affected how in AOM?

A

Smaller and distorted

33
Q

What finding may be found on pneumatic otoscopy in AOM?

A

Middle ear fluid or pus

34
Q

What is the pathophys lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Itch/scratch cycle after initial insult such as a bug bite
Mainly outer canal and concha

35
Q

What is Seborrheic dermatitis

A

Scaly, erythema, and lesions on scalp, eyebrows, and outer ear

36
Q

Atopic dermatitis can be caused by what and appears how?

A

Atopic pt (eczema, asthma, hay fever)

Lesions on flexion folds, ear canal

37
Q

What condition can be confused with otitis externa? How to differentiate them?

A

Atopic dermatitis; but AD is sterile, there’s no WBC, no infection

38
Q

What tissues are affected by erysipelas and acute cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas: upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

Cellulitis: deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

39
Q

RF for erysipelas/acute cellulitis

A

Secondary to another dermatitis or trauma

40
Q

How might erysipelas/acute cellulitis present

A

Fever, chills
Cellulitis: may or may not have purulence
Erysipelas: non-prurulent, can spread along facial planes and involve entire auricle

41
Q

Infectious chondritis is what? And usually follows what condition?

A

Deeper infection involving cartilage; usually follows Erysipelas

42
Q

Sx of infectious chondritis

A

Entire ear hot, red; including lobe
Fever, nausea, chills

43
Q

What is relapsing poly chondritis?

A

Non-infectious systemic dz, bilateral auricular chondritis, possibly autoimmune

44
Q

Relapsing poly chondritis sx

A

DEEP redness, spares lobes, only affects where cartilage is
Nasal chondritis
Ocular chondritis
Arthritis

45
Q

Sx of lichen planus

A

Flat topped violet papules on skin
Four “P’s”
Pruritis
Purple (slight violet hue)
Polygonal
Papules or plaques

46
Q

RF otitis externa

A

Change in pH acidic>alkaline
Increased temp and humidity
Mild trauma, frequent cleaning, alterations in ear canal microbiome
Swimming
Dermatitis

47
Q

Sx otitis externa

A

Tender, swollen ear canal
Pain IN ear canal
Auricle and tragic very tender to manipulation
Pruruitis to severe pain
Aural fullness and conductive hearing loss due to blockage of auditory canal
Fever
Insomnia from pain

48
Q

Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa RF

A

Immunocompromised: DM, alcoholic, malnourished

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staph aureus, fungi

49
Q

What is malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

A

Progressive otitis externa that invades underlying cartilage/bone; rare but dangerous

50
Q

Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa sx

A

Sever otalgia and otorrhea with pain that appears out of proportion to PE findings

Bell’s palsy, facial nerve paralysis and death, osteomyelitis, hearing loss

51
Q

Otitis externa PE findings

A

Red ear canal
Exudate
Ear may be swollen shut

EENT (6 decks)

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