Chapter 3 - Key Topics

Question 0

hiatal hernia

Answer 0

-occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

Question 1

hernia

Answer 1

-protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

Question 2

inguinal hernia

Answer 2

-occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in males

Question 3

cystocele

Answer 3

-occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall as a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles

Question 4

rectocele

Answer 4

-the protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

Question 5

omphalocele

Answer 5

-a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth

Question 6

streptococcus

Answer 6

• berry-shaped bacterium that grows in twisted chains

- causes strep throat, tonsillitis

Question 7

staphylococci

Answer 7

• berry-shaped bacteria that grow in small grape-like clusters
• cause internal and external abscesses (collections of pus, white blood cells and protein that is present at the site of infection)
• MRSA is a serious type of staph

Question 8

diplococci

Answer 8

• berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs

- examples are pneumococci and gonococci

Question 9

erythrocytes

Answer 9

• red blood cells
• made in the bone marrow
• carry oxygen from the lungs to all body cells
• contain hemoglobin, a protein

Question 10

leukocytes

Answer 10

• white blood cells
• there are 5 different kinds:
  
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes

Question 11

Thrombocytes

Answer 11

• for blood clotting

- formed in the bone marrow