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PPL - Meteorology > Humidity & Stability > Flashcards

Humidity & Stability Flashcards

1
Q

The term that defines different characteristics between bits of air

A

PARCEL OF AIR

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2
Q

The measure of how much water content is contained within a parcel of air

A

HUMIDITY

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3
Q

If there is more water vapour per parcel of air, it is said to be what

A

MORE HUMID

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4
Q

The amount of weight of water vapour per parcel of air is known as what

A

ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY

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5
Q

Ability for air to contain water vapour is dependant on what 2 factors

A
  1. Pressure
  2. Temperature
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6
Q

The biggest influence on humidity is what

A

TEMPERATURE

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7
Q

The amount of water vapour per parcel of air expressed as a percentage

A

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

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8
Q

The term used when a parcel of air reaches 100% humidity

A

SATURATED

Cannot carry any more water vapour

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9
Q

what is the relationship between relative humidty and the volume of water vapour

A

Amount of water vapour generally remains the same
Relative humidity depends on temeprature
Parcel cools, relative humidity INCREASES
Parcel heats, relative humidity DECREASES

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10
Q

What happens to water vapour when 100% humidity is reached

A

CONDENSES

rain, cloud, mist

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11
Q

What is the dew point

A

Temperature at which 100% relative humidity occurs in a parcel of air

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12
Q

A means to measure ELR in the atmosphere

A

RADIOSONDE BALLOON

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13
Q

What does DALR stand for
What does it measure
What are teh rates (ft and m)

A
  1. Dry Adiabtic Lapse Rate
  2. Lapse rate of DRY AIR
  3. -3℃ per 1000 ft / -1℃ per 100m
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14
Q

What does SALR stand for
What does it measure
What are the rates (ft and m)

A
  1. Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
  2. Lapse rate of saturated air (100% humidity)
  3. -1.8℃ per 1000ft / -0.6℃ per 100m
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15
Q

What is the lapse rate of DALR in meters and feet

A
  1. -3℃ per 1000 ft
  2. -1℃ per 100m
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16
Q

What is the lapse rate of SALR in meters and feet

A
  1. -1.5℃ per 1000ft
  2. -0.6℃ per 100m

-1.8℃ per 1000ft in ATPL

17
Q

What is the adiabatic process from gas to solid and solid to gas

A

GAS – gives energy –> LIQUID – gives energy –> SOLID
SOLID – requires energy –> LIQUID – requires energy –> GAS

Vapor DIRECTLY to solid = Deposition
Solid DIRECTLY to Vapor = Sublimation

18
Q

What is ELR

A

ENVIRONMENTAL LAPSE RATE

19
Q

What state is a parcel of air if it is cooling SLOWER than the surrounding atmosphere

A

ABSOLUTE INSTABILITY

Parcel of air cools at a lesser rate than ELR
In ascent its temperature increases relative to the surrounding air
Parcel does not resist vertical motion
REMEMBER Urban District Councils Shovel Shit

20
Q

In relation to vertical movement, how will a parcel of air with absolute instability behave

A

DOES NOT RESIST VERTICAL MOTION

Will rise quickly and accelerate

21
Q

What state is a parcel of air if it is cooling more quickly than the surrounding atmosphere

A

ABSOLUTE STABILITY

SALR is LESS than ELR i.e. -1.5℃ < -1.0℃
Parcel of air will not rise as its temperature is cooler than surrounding atmopshere
It sinks down
Parcel of air resists vertical movement

22
Q

In relation to vertical movement, how will a parcel of air with absolute stability behave

A

RESIST VERTICAL MOTION

Will sink back down and resist rising

23
Q

If a parcel of air’s lapse rate is between the DALR and SALR, what state is it said to be in

A

CONDITIONAL INSTABILITY

If DALR = -3℃ and SALR = -1.5℃
ELR would be (for example) -2℃
DALR < ELR < SALR

24
Q

What is the process of a parcel of air warming as it descends

A

ADIABATIC WARMING

25
Q

What is the process of a parcel of air cooling as it ascends

A

ADIABATIC COOLING

26
Q

The following are signs of what sort of stability

Occurs by atmospheric heating from below
Air moves vertically upwards
Cumulous or heaped type clouds
Turbulent flying conditions
Showers, heavy rain, but good visibility

A

INSTABILITY

27
Q

The following are signs of what sort of stability

Occurs by atmospheric cooling from below
Vertical movement but limited to lower layers i.e. vertical movement stops
Stratus or layer type clouds covering large areas
Smooth flying conditions
Precipitation can last for a long time
Visibility can be poor

A

STABILITY

28
Q

The 2 sides of a hill or mountain are known as what
Which side is warmer

A

LEE SIDE & WINDWARD
WARMER lee side > windward COLDER

PPL - Meteorology (17 decks)

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