16: How Genes Work

Question 0

Metabolic pathway

Answer 0

Series of steps in which an organism synthesizes a protein

Question 1

One-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis

Answer 1

Each gene contains the info needed to make an enzyme

Question 2

Genetic screen

Answer 2

Any technique for picking certain types if mutants out of many randomly generated mutants

Question 3

Messenger RNA

Answer 3

Short-lived molecules of RNA that carry info out of the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis

Question 4

RNA polymerase

Answer 4

Polymerizes/synthesizes RNA molecules into strands of RNA

Question 5

Central dogma

Answer 5

Flow of information in cells

DNA——->RNA—->proteins

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

The process of copying hereditary info in DNA to RNA.

DNA is transcribed to RNA by RNA polymerase.

Question 7

Translation

Answer 7

Process of using information in nucleic acids to synthesize proteins. mRNA is translated to proteins in ribosomes

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

Group of three based that specifies an amino acid

Question 9

Start codon

Answer 9

(Aug) methionine signals protein synthesis should begin

Question 10

Stop codon

Answer 10

(UAA, UAG, UGA) signal that the protein is complete

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

Any permanent damage in an organisms DNA

Question 12

Point mutation

Answer 12

A single base change that changes the DNA sequence

Question 13

Missense mutation

Answer 13

Point mutations that cause change in the amino acid sequence

Question 14

Silent mutation

Answer 14

A point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence

Question 15

Frameshift mutations

Answer 15

Point mutations that disrupt major portions of a protein

Question 16

Nonsense mutation

Answer 16

When a codon is changed to a stop codon

Question 17

Karyotype

Answer 17

Complete set of chromosomes within the cell