Protein Synthesis and Trafficking

Question 1

Where does transcription occur

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

What is Transcription

Answer 2

A Procces where a DNA particle becomes RNA

Question 3

What is Translation

Answer 3

Procces where ARN find a Ribosome and make proteins

Question 4

Types of RNA

Answer 4

t-RNA: Carries aa to Ribosomes in translation
m-RNA: Carries information from DNA to Ribosomes
mi-RNA: Gene regulation (destroys m-RNA)

Question 5

What kind of ribosomes there are

Answer 5

Cytosolic and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 6

What are Ribosomes made of

Answer 6

RNA and proteins

Question 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum main functions

Answer 7

Two types:
1. Smooth: Synthesis of Steroids and Detoxification
2. Rough: HAVE RIBOSOMES to make proteins

Question 8

What does determine aminoacid sequence

Answer 8

Genes content in DNA

Question 9

A single mRNA can produce ___________ of proteins from one _________

Answer 9

Thousands of copies from One Ribosome

Question 10

What are post-translational modifications

Answer 10

Chemical modifications to turn inmature proteins into mature proteins and production of chaperons

Question 11

Where does PTM happen

Answer 11

Gogi Apparatus

Question 12

What are the main chemical modifications made by PTM

Answer 12

1. Attaching of biomolecules to proteins by Olygosacarides/Glycoproteins.
2. Creation of Disulfide bonds between aa

Question 13

ER send ribosomes to ______for PTM

Answer 13

Golgi Apparatus

Question 14

Golgi apparatus ____________ proteins to ____________

Answer 14

Distributes / Their final destination

Question 15

What is I-Cell disease

Answer 15

• Disease caused by G1cNAc deficiency.
• Produces a lack of phosphorylation of mannose residues and molecules cannot go into LYSOSOMES
• HIGH ELEVATED LYSOSOMAL ENZIMES IN SERUM

Question 16

I-Cell disease clinical features

Answer 16

Facial abnormalities + Gingival Hyperplasia

Question 17

How do Proteins transport inside the cells

Answer 17

• Cytosolic Ribosomes: Diffusion
• ER Ribosomes: Vesicle-mediated transport

Question 18

Cytosolic Ribosomes produce proteins for

Answer 18

1. Stay in cytosol
2. Nucleus proteins
3. Peroxisome proteins
4. Mitochondria proteins

Question 19

ER Ribosomes produce proteins for

Answer 19

1. Plasma membrane proteins
2. Organelles proteins: Lysosome/Golgi Appparatus/ ER
3. Secreted proteins

Question 20

What are the 3 transport mechanism in Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

COP 1: Retrograde (Golgi to ER)
COP 2: Anterograde (ER to Golgi)
Clathries: Golgi to Lysosome