Lecture 10 Molecules And Cells

Question 1

Cell terminology

Answer 1

Peroxisomes - break down toxic peroxides

Golgi - process and pack proteins

Rough ER - studded w/ribosomes site for protein synthesis

Smooth ER- lipid synthesis site and chemical modification of proteins

Phagosome - vesicle of food taken in by endocytosis, fuses to lysosome, products of digestion released and lysosome waste contents expelled by exocytosis

Question 2

Cytoskeleton filaments

Answer 2

Microfilaments - strands of actin protein that often interact with other protein strands 7nm

Intermediate filaments - fibrous tough rope like protein strands that stabilise cell structure and shape 8-12 nm

Microtubules - hollow tubulin protein cylinders containing alpha and beta tubulin subunits 25nm

Question 3

Microfilaments and cell movement

Answer 3

Microfilaments can be cross linked by myosin and other crosslink proteins as in the microvilli. Providing structure for movement

Question 4

Microtubules

Answer 4

Intracellular trafficking of membranes, chromosomes and other components - get things to the right places

Question 5

Intercellular junctions

Answer 5

Tight
Gap
Desmo/Hemidesmosome
Adherens

Question 6

Plant cells communicate

Answer 6

Via plasmodesmata ( holes in cell walls)

Cell walls made up of cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose

Question 7

Scale of life examples

Answer 7

0.1nm C-C bond
1micrometer bacteria
10 micrometres red blood cell

Question 8

Microscopy

Answer 8

Light/ “super res” fluoro microscopy

Transmission - cross-section
scanning - 3D surface structure
electron microscopy

Question 9

Light microscope types

Answer 9

Listed in order of resolution least to most:

Bright (requires stained sample)

Phase contrast - diff interference contrast

Fluorescent markers under laser scanning confocal lense

Deconvolution

Super res 3D SIM (structured illumination microscopy)

Localisation microscope