FP under Northumberland

Question 1

marriage attempts

Answer 1

marriage arrangements to Mary of Scots had not only failed, but had also pushed Scotland into an alliance with France

Question 2

unpopular war

Answer 2

it was unpopular with the nobles and general public- high levels of taxation were undermining the economy and provoking rising hostility

Question 3

boulogne

Answer 3

the french threatened to isolate Boulogne, however, an English fleet defeated a french force off the channel islands

this gave England the control of the channel and could supply Boulogne by sea

Question 4

Boulogne back to France

Answer 4

Northumberland was keen to end the war so he could consolidate his position

Treaty of Boulogne signed 28th March 1550

Question 5

Treaty of Boulogne

Answer 5

it removed the expenses of war and the threat of French invasion

it was a humiliating peace and alliance with the traditional enemy was seen as a national disgrace- added to Northumberland’s unpopularity

Question 6

habsburg

Answer 6

they remained hostile, as the church of England was beginning to swing towards more extreme Calvinist doctrines

Question 7

England position

Answer 7

in Europe was a weak one

the lack of money forced Northumberland to run down both the army and the navy

remained isolated

Question 8

henry VIII policy

Answer 8

the Treaty of Boulogne marked the end of the phase of policy initiated by HenryVIII, during which French territories was a major goal

Question 9

relations with HRE

Answer 9

deteriorated- disliked the Anglo-French alliance

annoyed by reformer attempts to force Mary to abandon her Catholic faith

Question 10

consequence of HRE worsening relations

Answer 10

trade broke off with the Netherlands - had been protected since the Magnus Intercursus of 1496

led to the collaspe of the Antwerp cloth market

Question 11

Anglo-Scottish relations

Answer 11

poor state- the northern lords, like Lord Dacre, had no clear policy to follow

progress was slow to restore the border lines

Question 12

worsening relations with continental powers

Answer 12

not until March 1552 that Anglo-Imperial relations began to improve, as war had broken out between France and HRE

England wasn’t in a position to take any military action but France feared the Anglo-Imperial alliance- relations between England and France collapsed in June 1553