reasons against secularisation

Question 1

cultural defence and transition

AO3

Answer 1

• religion provides comfort in the face of racism, etc.
• religion helps EMs ease into a new community
• not declining, as this means people are more likely to use religion in these situations

does not disprove secularisation, religion only survives where it performs functions

Question 2

fundamentalism

AO3

Answer 2

• growth in fundamentalism among jews in israel, etc.
• these groups strongly support traditional morality

only slowed secularisation in their own religious institutions

Question 3

resacrilisation and reenchantment

AO3

Answer 3

• kendal project found rise in spirituality
• only moving away from traditional religion
• e.g. london internet church, watch a mass online

fewer than 1 in 50 people around the area of kendal were engaged in new age activities

Question 4

religious market theory

AO3

Answer 4

• secularisation is eurocentric, only happening in europe
• demand for religion remains constant as it acts as a compensator and gives comfort
• having many religions makes people more religious as you can choose which one suits you

religious participation is lower in areas where church has less monopoly

Question 5

existential security theory

AO3

Answer 5

• religious demand greater in low income groups because they are more at risk of life threatening events, illness
• only prosperous western countries have become more secular bc less population growth
• welfare state is a safety net, so countries with no welfare state turn to religion for comfort, e.g. america

norris and inglehart only use quantitative methods of data collection