Vocabulary

Question 1

Ileus

Answer 1

Ileus is a temporary lack of the normal muscle contractions of the intestines.

Question 2

Teratoma

Answer 2

A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. Teratomas may be mature or immature, based on how normal the cells look under a microscope. Sometimes teratomas are a mix of mature and immature cells

Question 3

atresia

Answer 3

a body part that is tubular in nature does not have a normal opening, or lacks the ability to allow material to pass through it

Question 4

Meconium

Answer 4

Meconium is the first feces, or stool, of the newborn

Question 5

colostrum

Answer 5

• First milk is colostrum available after labor
  
  • High in protein, sodium, immunoglobulins while being low in lactose
  • Significant due to immune-boosting effects because of high immunoglobulins (“first immunization”) IgA, IgM, and IgG
  • Vitamin E (anti-oxidant and increases lifespan of erythrocytes)
  • Phosphorus and Ca to prevent tetany
  • Microbiota like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus along with oligosaccharides confer anti-bacterial activity to the gut
  • Lactoferrin increases iron absorption and prevents degrading the bacteria

Question 6

Telangiectasias

Answer 6

Telangiectasias are small, widened blood vessels on the skin.

Question 7

Esophageal hiatus

Answer 7

a small opening in the diaphragm which allows the esophagus to enter the abdomen (T10)

Question 8

Cricopharyngeus

Answer 8

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 9

abscess

Answer 9

An abscess is a painful collection of pus, usually caused by a bacterial infection

Question 10

Fistula

Answer 10

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ, vessel, or intestine and another organ, vessel or intestine, or the skin

Question 11

aneurysm

Answer 11

An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel

Question 12

choledocholithiasis

Answer 12

gallstone in your common bile duct

Question 13

Mallory-Weiss Tear

Answer 13

Mallory-Weiss tear is a tear of the tissue of your lower esophagus

Question 14

Gastroporesis

Answer 14

Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles (motility) in your stomach. Stomach’s motility is slowed down or doesn’t work at all, preventing your stomach from emptying properly.

Question 15

Peptic ulcer

Answer 15

A peptic ulcer is a sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine or esophagus

Question 16

Post-prandial

Answer 16

after meal

Question 17

Hematochezia

Answer 17

fresh blood per anus

Question 18

Obstipation

Answer 18

Obstipation: inability to pass gas (complete bowel obstruction

Question 19

Steatorrhea

Answer 19

Steatorrhea: fatty, foul-smelling stools (malabsorption or maldigestion syndromes [Crohn’s, pancreatitis, bowel resection, short bowel syndrome])

Question 20

Ligament of Treitz

Answer 20

Marks end of duodenum

Question 21

tinnitus

Answer 21

ringing in the ears

Question 22

Odynophagia

Answer 22

pain with swallowing

Question 23

Globus sensation

Answer 23

Globus sensation: painless sensation of lump/foreign body/food bolus in pharyngeal/cervical area

Question 24

oropharyngeal dysphagia

Answer 24

oropharyngeal dysphagia: difficulty initiating swallow

Question 25

xerostomia

Answer 25

xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 26

achalasia

Answer 26

[nerves of esophagus damaged]

Question 27

Fetor hepaticus

Answer 27

(sour, fecal breath)

Question 28

Leukonychia

Answer 28

Leukonychia (white discoloration of nail bed from albumin deficiency)

Question 29

Caput Medusae

Answer 29

Caput Medusae (tortuous veins in umbilical region)

Question 30

Gynecomastia

Answer 30

Breast tissue growth

Question 31

Aponeurosis

Answer 31

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones

Question 32

Langer’s lines

Answer 32

Parallel to the natural orientation of the collagen fibres in the skin (following reduces scarring)

Question 33

anastomosis

Answer 33

An anastomosis is a surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.

Question 34

Empyema

Answer 34

pockets of pus that have collected inside a body cavity