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School > W18 Exam U.S. History > Flashcards

W18 Exam U.S. History Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following individuals was important for bringing Southern support to the Democratic Party?

A

John C. Calhoun

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2
Q

What territories did the United States cede to the Spanish Empire as part of the Adams-Onis Treaty?

A

parts of Texas

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3
Q

How did the democratization of American society affect American theater and literature? [choose all that apply]

A

-plays and books were written for entertainment rather than instruction
- plays and books catered more toward common Americans rather than wealthy elites
-plays and books often criticized the American aristocracy

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4
Q

Stories that either explicitly or symbolically described black slaves outwitting white masters and overseers became known as “_____________ tales.”

A

trickster

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5
Q

In 1830, Jackson vetoed which of the following bills because he believed it violated states’ rights?

A

Maysville Road Bill

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6
Q

After the Election of 1832, Jackson essentially appointed a new Secretary of the _______________ without Congressional approval, which was a clear violation of the Constitution.

A

treasury

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7
Q

Why did protective tariffs harm Southerners? [may be more than one answer]

A

-It forced them to pay higher prices on Northern manufactured goods.

-It caused English merchants to cut their importation of Southern Cotton.

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT a Native tribe affected by the Indian Removal Acts of 1830?

A

Iroquois

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9
Q

Andrew Jackson portrayed himself as the candidate of the _____________ ______________.

A

common man

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10
Q

Which of the following was NOT one of Adams’ proposals in his first speech to Congress as President?

A

renew the charter of the Bank of the United States

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11
Q

What famous orator argued on behalf of Dartmouth College in Dartmouth College v. Woodward?

A

Daniel Webster

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12
Q

Who penned the “South Carolina Exposition and Protest” after the passage of the Tariff of Abominations?

A

John C. Calhoun

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13
Q

Which of the following best describes America’s “nationhood” policy toward Native American groups?

A

Native tribes were considered sovereign nations with a separate system of laws.

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14
Q

The ______________ _____________________, formed by Martin Van Buren, was a powerful political institution that controlled New York politics until 1838.

A

Albany Regency

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15
Q

Which of the following best describes the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

A

it gave the Federal government the power to remove Indians to designated territory west of the Mississippi River

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16
Q

Why were many Southerners willing to support the Whigs by 1836?

A

they were unhappy with Jackson’s actions during the Nullification Crisis

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17
Q

The “task system” was prominent on which of the following types of southern plantations?

A

South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations

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18
Q

After they repealed the nullification law in March 1833, the South Carolina legislature nullified the __________ _________ in order to show that they still believed in their right to nullify Federal laws.

A

Force Bill

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19
Q

Which of the following best describes the proposal of James Tallmadge of New York concerning the admission of Missouri as a state?

A

Missouri would emancipate its slaves gradually and ban the slave trade.

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20
Q

Which of the following best describes the Whigs’ stance on slavery?

A

ambiguous toward slavery

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21
Q

What was the most violent slave revolt in the American South before the Civil War?

A

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

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22
Q

Which of the following major political issues did McCulloch v. Maryland address?

A

relationship between the federal and state governments

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23
Q

Which of the following was one of John Quincy Adams’ limitations in the Election of 1824? [more than one answer]

A

-his failure to employ popular campaigning techniques
-his association with the old Federalist Party
-his family connection to his father, John Adams

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24
Q

Which of the following best describes the larger significance of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

It marks the beginning of the United States as a world power.

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25
Q

Which of the following best describes the larger significance of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

It marks the beginning of the United States as a world power.

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26
Q

Which of the following was NOT one of the leaders of the Whig Party?

A

Roger B. Taney

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27
Q

Which of the following candidates received the most electoral votes in the Election of 1824?

A

Andrew Jackson

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28
Q

Which of the following served as the President of the Bank of the United States in 1832?

A

Nicholas Biddle

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29
Q

Which of the following best describes the provision of the Missouri Compromise concerning the spread of slavery into the Louisiana Purchase territory?

A

slavery would be prohibited in any new states north of Missouri’s southern border

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30
Q

In November 1832, the state of ___________ _____________ nullified the tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

A

South Carolina

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31
Q

Which of the following was the title of the executive order that required investors to buy Federal lands in silver or gold?

A

The Specie Circular

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32
Q

In 1893, __________________ published the essay entitled “The Significance of the Frontier in American History.”

A

Frederick Turner

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33
Q

Which of the following was the primary motivation for those who traveled west in the first half of the eighteenth century?

A

cheap, arable land

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34
Q

Which of the following best describes the main argument of David Hackett Fischer and James C. Kelly concerning the American frontier?

A

As American migrants moved west, they expanded and confirmed the culture of eastern lands from which they came.

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35
Q

On April 21, 1836, Texans under Sam Houston won a crushing victory over Mexican troops in which of the following battles?

A

the Battle of San Jacinto

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36
Q

Most of the new citizens of the Republic of Texas were former Americans, but many Texas Mexicans, called _____________, also joined the rebellion.

A

tejanos

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37
Q

Which of the following describes the requirements that the Mexican government put on Americans in Texas before 1829, which they agreed to when they entered Mexican territory? [choose all that apply]

A

-convert to Roman Catholicism
-refrain from settling within sixty miles of the U.S. border
-conduct all official business in Spanish

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38
Q

Which of the following was NOT one of the four powers that had laid claim to the Oregon Territory before 1819?

A

France

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39
Q

Which of the following best describes the United States’ main argument for why they should gain all of the Oregon Territory after the election of James K. Polk?

A

There were far more American citizens than British citizens living in the Oregon territory.

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40
Q

In the Election of 1844, many Northern Whigs threw their support to James G. Birney of the____________ Party because they felt that ___________ did not support their interests concerning the spread of slavery.

A

Liberty, Henry Clay

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41
Q

Which of the following describes President Polk’s charge to John Slidell? [choose all that apply]

A

-negotiate for the purchase of New Mexico and California

-resolve the dispute concerning the annexation of Texas

42
Q

Which of the following best describes the goal of the Wilmot Proviso?

A

to limit the expansion of slavery into lands acquired from Mexico

43
Q

In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States gained territory that would form all or part of which of the following states? [choose all that apply]

A

-New Mexico
-Nevada
-California
-Arizona

44
Q

Which of the following individuals traveled over 150 miles up the Hudson River from New York City in order to raise awareness of the benefits of steamboats?

A

Robert Fulton

45
Q

Railroad technology eventually overtook canals in which decade?

A

1840s

46
Q

Which of the following were the two first railroad companies to begin operation in the early 1830s? [choose two]

A

-Charleston and Hamburg

  • Baltimore and Ohio
47
Q

Which of the following best describes the concept of a market economy?

A

a national economy whereby goods are produced and consumed based on supply and demand

48
Q

Eli Whitney invented the ____________ __________ in 1793, which dramatically increased the production of the South’s major cash crop.

A

cotton gin

49
Q

The Boston Manufacturing Company became successful using the “____________ system,” mechanized production manned by a large workforce of single women to produce cloth on a massive scale.

A

Lowell

50
Q

Match the following:
1. Unitarianism
2. Early Nineteenth-Century Deism
3. Universalism

A
  1. rejects the doctrine of the Trinity
  2. accepts the existence of God, but rejects miracles, including the Resurrection
  3. all men and women would be saved in the end despite their actions or choices
51
Q

Which of the following individuals was the President of Yale College and led the fight against Unitarians and Universalists in New England?

A

Reverend Timothy Dwight

52
Q

Which of the following individuals led massive revivals in upstate New York and preached that through the leading of the Holy Spirit, Christians could become as perfect as God Himself?

A

Charles Finney

53
Q

The belief that building the economy was the burden of men and building the home was the burden of women became known as

A

separate spheres

54
Q

Which of the following individuals was the most influential supporter of public education in the nineteenth century?

A

Horace Mann

55
Q

The _______________ Club, which began meeting in Boston and Concord, Massachusetts in 1837, produced some of America’s most important authors.

A

Transcendental

56
Q

The __________________ Penitentiary was founded in New York in 1816 as an experiment of a new model for reforming criminals.

A

Auburn

57
Q

Which of the following individuals was instrumental in bringing about reforms in how the United States cared for the mentally ill?

A

Dorthea Dix

58
Q

Which document declared that “all men and women are created equal” and called for a repeal of all laws that placed men in superiority in relation to women?

A

Declaration of Sentiments

59
Q

In 1821, the American Colonization Society founded a colony in West Africa called ______________ and managed to settle a few thousand emancipated slaves there.

A

Liberia

60
Q

Which of the following abolitionists was killed by a mob in Alton, Illinois near the border of Missouri?

A

Elijah Lovejoy

61
Q

Those who advocated for gradual emancipation had their best opportunity in 1831 and 1832 when the Virginia legislature considered the issue after ___________ _____________ Rebellion.

A

Nat Turner

62
Q

In the nineteenth century, which of the following was true of attitudes of many in the North? [choose all that apply]

A

-They saw the South as a backward portion of the United States who practiced something that was a scar on the American character.

-They were not willing to risk the Union to end the institution of slavery.

-They wanted the end of slavery, but did not advocate racial equality.

62
Q

In the nineteenth century, which of the following was true of attitudes of many in the North? [choose all that apply]

A

-They saw the South as a backward portion of the United States who practiced something that was a scar on the American character.

-They were not willing to risk the Union to end the institution of slavery.

-They wanted the end of slavery, but did not advocate racial equality.

63
Q

What was the major characteristic of American political parties by the late 1850s?

A

They had their base of support wholly in one section of the United States.

64
Q

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Sectional Crisis in the United States?

A

the end of Millard Fillmore’s presidency

65
Q

Which politician hoped to see the Continental Railroad go through the northern part of the United States and helped organize the Kansas-Nebraska Act so that the railroad could pass through them?

A

Stephen A. Douglas

66
Q

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

sectionalism in the United States ended for a short time

67
Q

In 1856, anti-slavery extremist John Brown carried out a deadly reprisal in Kansas and murdered five pro-slavery settlers in what is known as the __________ __________.

A

Pottawatomie Massacre

68
Q

What did Southerners believe to be true about the Panic of 1857?

A

It proved that the southern slave-based economic system was superior to the northern free-labor economy.

69
Q

What was the Lecompton Constitution?

A

A document passed by the Kansas constitutional convention making Kansas a slave state.

70
Q

What caused the Panic of 1857?

A

changes in global trade markets

71
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning Stephen A. Douglas’ bid for Senate re-election in 1858?

A

He lost his reelection bid in a tough campaign against Abraham Lincoln.

72
Q

What was Abraham Lincoln’s attitude toward slavery before 1860?

A

He wanted to limit its expansion into the territories.

73
Q

The ___________ _______________ claimed that no law was binding if local governments refused to enforce it.

A

Freeport Doctrine

74
Q

After the southern delegates walked out of the Charleston convention, they later met in Richmond to nominate their own Democratic candidate. Who was he?

A

John C. Breckenridge

75
Q

What is NOT one of the reasons the Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln over William H. Seward?

A

He was more politically experienced than Seward.

76
Q

Which two 1860 Presidential candidates were the only real choice for Northern voters?

A

Douglas and Lincoln

77
Q

In the early years of the war, to whom was the command of Union forces offered by Winfield Scott?

A

Robert E. Lee

78
Q

The Confederate bombardment of Fort __________ caused Abraham Lincoln to issue a proclamation of war.

A

Sumter

79
Q

After Lincoln declared war against the states in the Deep South that had seceded, he called for what? [choose all that apply]

A

-75,000 troops

-a blockade of southern ports

80
Q

The first major land battle of the Civil War was __________.

A

Bull Run

81
Q

The Southern strategy to counter the Anaconda Plan was:

A

Stalemate the North until Lincoln was forced to negotiate.

82
Q

After General Joseph E. Johnston was seriously wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines, who took command of the Army of Northern Virginia?

A

Robert E. Lee

83
Q

In the early days of the Civil War, both sides saw a large response of volunteer soldiers. Later both sides passed ______________ laws that required men to serve in the military.

A

conscription

84
Q

Lincoln’s suspension of the writ of habeas corpus was unprecedented, allowing those suspected of conspiring with the Confederacy

A

to be jailed without the benefit of a trial or without being charged.

85
Q

Which two nations did the Confederate government hope would support their efforts against the Union? [choose 2]

A

-Britain
-France

86
Q

From the beginning of the war, the stated goals of the Union were [choose all that apply]

A

-to put down the rebellion

-to preserve the Union

87
Q

As the Civil War raged on, Southern planters not only lost control of their slaves, they also lost the support of poor whites who believed

A

they were paying the price to support the power of the planter aristocracy.

88
Q

During the Election of 1864, Abraham Lincoln faced a political challenge from the _______________, Democrats who wished to make peace with the Confederacy.

A

Copperheads

89
Q

The Battle of __________ marked the last significant victory of Lee’s career.

A

Chancellorsville

90
Q

While Lee was trying to circle Washington D.C. to approach the city from the north, he met Union troops outside the small Pennsylvania town of __________ and engaged them for three days there.

A

Gettysburg

91
Q

Whose famous “March to the Sea” left a 250-mile strip of destruction across Georgia?

A

William Tecumseh Sherman

92
Q

Which of the following individuals advocated for giving freed blacks land taken from Confederate leaders under the Confiscation Act of 1862?

A

Charles Sumner

93
Q

Which of the following describes some of the duties of the Freedman’s Bureau? [Choose all that apply.]

A

-Help freedmen negotiate contracts

-Set up schools for recently freed slaves

  • Give medical care to recently freed slaves
94
Q

One of the most important impacts of the Civil War was the shift in power away from the states and toward the _______________ government in the United States.

A

Federal

95
Q

Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, issued in late 1863, also known as the Ten Percent Plan

A

allowed Confederate states to form a loyal government when 10% of those who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Union.

96
Q

Which of the following was NOT included in the Wade-Davis Bill?

A

Confederate states had to wait five years to send representatives to Congress after they had been readmitted to the Union.

97
Q

Through their plot to kill President Lincoln and others, the conspirators sought to [choose all that apply]

A

-throw the federal government into confusion.
-revive the Confederate cause.

98
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the blacks in the South under military rule?

A

Former slaves overwhelmingly ran for political office.

99
Q

The term __________________ refers to those people who came from the North to the South, either to aid in Reconstruction or as political and economic opportunists.

A

Carpetbaggers

100
Q

To justify their stance on Reconstruction, Radical Republicans in Congress began to argue

A

that the Southern states should be treated as conquered territories.

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