Macromolecules Flashcards
Levels of organization of an organism
Atom, Element, Compound, Macromolecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Basic Elements of Life
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Ionic Bond
Electrons are given away by one atom to another.
Covalent Bond
Electrons are shared between two atoms.
Hydrogen Bond
A weak bond between H+ electrons. Like how one water molecule is bonded to another water molecule.
Dehydration Synthesis
Monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
To break with water, bonds between polymers are broken through the addition of a water molecule.
Carbohydrates
Made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Has a carbon backbone.
Used for energy
Quick energy- mono
Long energy- Poly
Food- Candy, Corn, Cereals
Mono- Monosaccharides
Poly- Polysaccharides
Lipids
Glycose Head with 3 fatty chains
Use in the body-
Stores 2x energy
cushions organs
insulate
Food- Lard, butter, oils
Monomer- Glycerol and fatty acids
Polymer- triglycerides
Proteins
Chains of amino acids linked together are called polypeptides. Different structures = different functions.
Use in the body-
Structural support
Storage
Chemical signaling
Food-
Scrambled eggs
Bacon
Monomer- aminoacid
Polymer- polypeptides
Nucleic Acids
Double Helix strands of monomers called a Nucleotide
Use in the body-
Carry information
(found in Nucleus)
(Genetic)
Monomer- Nucleotide
Polymer- DNA, RNA, ATP
Macromolecules
A very large molecule that contains thousands of atoms or more
Biochemistry
chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level
Starch
The body breaks this down to create glucose. Starchy food provides energy and is a key component of a balanced diet.
Glycogen
an extensively branched glucose polymer that animals use as an energy reserve
