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APES > Keywords E > Flashcards

Keywords E Flashcards

1
Q

open mining pit

A

surface mining the remove minerals from the ground leaving a big pit

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2
Q

strip mining

A

removing strips of soil and rock to expose ores

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3
Q

contour mining

A

form of mining on hills and leaves a series of terraces on the side

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4
Q

spoil banks

A
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5
Q

subsidence

A

the sinking in of the earth’s surface due to natural processes or human activities, can be gradual or immediate

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6
Q

biofuel

A

fuel produced by renewable biomass

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7
Q

geothermal energy

A

heat generated from the earth

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8
Q

thermal inertia

A

The amount of time it takes for one’s body to heat up to the same temperature as its surroundings

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9
Q

Oceanic Ridge

A

A continuous mountain chain that rises from the ocean floor.

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10
Q

Convergent Plates

A

Where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other, and often slide over each other.

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11
Q

Subduction

A

When the edge of one of Earth’s tectonic plates is pushed into the mantle below another plate.

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12
Q

Subduction Zone

A

A spot where two of the planet’s tectonic plates collide and one dives beneath the other.

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13
Q

Trench

A

A long, steep-sided valley on the ocean floor.

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14
Q

Transform Fault

A

A type of fault in which two tectonic plates slide past one another.

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15
Q

Liquified Petroleum Gases

A

A flammable fuel which contains a mixture of hydrocarbon gases.

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16
Q

Liquified Natural Gases

A

A natural gas that has been converted to a liquid form for transport.

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17
Q

Coal

A

A nonrenewable fossil fuel that is combusted and used to generate electricity.

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18
Q

weathering

A

the braking up of rocks due to roots and plant life

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19
Q

erosion

A

the earth being worn away by rain, wind or ice

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20
Q

fissure

A

a crack in a rock that is distinctly separated

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21
Q

lava

A

molten rock that has reached the surface

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22
Q

seismic wave

A

vibrations generated by earthquakes

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23
Q

focus

A

a point where light/heat/radiation rays meet after being refracted or reflected.

24
Q

nuclear fuel cycle

A

the process that prepares uranium for nuclear reactors while still safely managing and disposing of used nuclear fuel

25
Q

nuclear fusion

A

two atomic nuclei combine to form a larger one while releasing large amounts of energy

26
Q

nuclear fission

A

an atom is split apart into two separate nuclei, releasing energy

27
Q

high grade ore

A

contains a high concentration of a desired mineral

28
Q

low grade ore

A

contains a low concentration of desired mineral

29
Q

surface mining

A

when surface rocks and soil that are covering mineral deposits are removed

30
Q

topography

A

map of the land and its characteristics

31
Q

subsurface mining

A

extraction of a resource from deep underground

32
Q

overburden

A

the layer of earth and rock that is removed to access the resources that are being mined

33
Q

photovoltaic cells (PV)

A

electrical cells that allow sun light to be converted into electricity

34
Q

ethanol

A

a fuel made from corn and wheat that is a renewable resource

35
Q

biomass

A

any organic resource that can be used as an energy source

36
Q

nanoparticles

A

a small particle that ranges between 1-100 nanometers in size

37
Q

in-situ mining

A

known as solution mining. this involves leaving the ore where it is in the ground and recovering the minerals by dissolving and pumping it to the surface.

38
Q

biomining

A

is a process in mining that extracts valuable metal from a low graded ore

39
Q

continental shelf

A

the area of seabed around a large landmass where the sea is relatively shallow compared to the open ocean

40
Q

power

A

the term used to describe energy flow

41
Q

peak demand

A

the time where demand is highest on the grid as a whole

42
Q

municipal solid waste

A

consists of everyday items such as product packaging

43
Q

leaching

A

removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards through soil

44
Q

natural geological hazards

A

naturally occurring disasters caused by the environment or Earth

45
Q

core

A

the middle and innermost part of the Earth, consisting of magma and molten rock

46
Q

continental crust

A

the outer layer of the Earth’s lithosphere that forms landmasses

47
Q

net energy yield

A

the amount of energy available from a resource minus the amount of energy needed to make it available

48
Q

crude oil/petroleum

A

a yellowish-black liquid found in rocks and geological formations; often used as a fuel source

49
Q

epicenter

A

the point on the earths surface that is directly above the focus(the point of orgin) of an earthquake

50
Q

magnitude

A

the degree of brightness of a star or other celestial body

51
Q

amplitude

A

the state or quality of being ample especially as to breath or width largeness

52
Q

richter scale

A

the richter scale is named after the american seismologist charles francis richter

53
Q

tsunami

A

a tsunami is a seris of ocean waves that sends surges of water sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet

54
Q

mass wasting

A

downhill movement of the soil and rock fragments induced by gravity

55
Q

cogeneration

A

the simultaneous production of two or more forms of energy from a single fuel source

56
Q

passive solar heating

A

the use of the suns energy for the heating and cooling of living spaces by exposure to the sun

57
Q

active solar heating

A

the energy from the sun that is increased by the use of electricity or other mechanical equipment

APES (10 decks)

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