Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LMSW > Theories/Models of Growth and Development > Flashcards

Theories/Models of Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Oral (birth-1yr)
Anal (2-3y)
Phallic (3-6yr)
latency (6-11yr)
Genital (12-Adult)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oral Stage in Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Dependency and trust, sucking, biting, highly dependant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anal Stage Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Toilet Training (2-3), Self-control, discipline vs. obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phallic Stage Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Genital Interest (3-6yrs), what it “means” to be boy or girl, each gender desires parent of opposite sex. Edipus Complex-Boys, Electra Complex-girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Latency Stage Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Genital/Sexual feelings repressed, guilt (6-11) Super Ego maintains parents expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genital Stage Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

12-Adult, genital interest, relationships with opposite sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Freud’s 3 Levels of consciousness

A

Conscious (aware), preconscious (memories accessible), unconscious (instincts and desires)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The 3 levels of Freud’s personality structure interact leading to

A

The Id, Ego, and Superego interact leading to the use of defense mechansims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Id, Ego, and Superego each operate how

A

Id= I want, Ego, The “I” that emergest to control the desires of the Id, Superego negotiates “good vs. bad”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which theorist developed the concept of Ego Defense Mechanisms

A

Anna Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which theorist believed personality develops over a lifespan

A

Erik Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who was the father of Ego Psychology

A

Erikson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 8 stages of development according to Erik Erikson

A

Trust v mistrust
autonomy vs. doubt
initiative v. guilt
industry v. inferiority
identity v. identity confusion
intimacy v. isolation
generativity v. stagnation
integrity v. despair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Jean Piaget is know for what theory of development?

A

Cognitive Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive development there are two was of learning. What are they?

A

Assimilation- Individual uses an existing schema with a new environment
Accommodation- Individual changes the schema to fit the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Assimilation and which developmental theory is it associated with?

A

Cognitive Development–Individual uses an existing schema with a new environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Accommodation and who developed the theory to which it pertains?

A

Jean Piaget.
Accommodation- Individual changes the schema to fit the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (11-adult)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg is know for which developmental theory?

A

Moral Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are Kohlberg’s 3 levels of Moral Development?

A

Pre-Conventional (“what’s in it for me”)
Conventional (Conforms to social norms)
Post Conventional (Laws should = Justice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which theorists are associated with attachment theory?

A

John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of Healthy attachment

A

proximity maintenance
safe haven
secure base
separation distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proximity Maintenance

A

Desire to be near people to whom we are attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Safe Haven

A

returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of fear or threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Secure Base

A

Point of security (usually the mother) from which the child can explore without fear of abandonment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Separation Distress

A

Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the stages of extended separation?

A

Protest, despair/depression, detachment, anaclitic depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Object Relations Theory is associated with which Theorist?

A

Margaret Mahler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When an infant learns to identify b/w self and non-self is which theory?

A

Object Relations Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3 Stages of Mahler’s Developmental Theory

A

Normal Autism (birth - 1 month)
Symbiosis 1-4 months (strong match b/w mother and infant)
Separation/Individualization 4months-36months (Ego-Identity develops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Symbiosis is?

A

Stage 2 in Mahler’s Developmental Theory–A strong match b/w infant and mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Symbiotic Psychosis is?

A

A mental disorder caused by severe derivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

At what stage is Mahler’s Developmental Theory broken into 4 substages?

A

Separation-Individualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the substages in Mahler’s Developmental Theory leading to a child’s ego-development?

A

Differentiation/Mother Hatching (4/8months)
Practicing- practicing moving away/returning to mother
Rapprochement- child’s efforts for autonomous functioning
Achievement of Individuality- Mother now completely separate, object constancy–child stays attached to mother even during inconsistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Object Constancy

A

Child stays attached to mother even during in consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which Theorist focused on a hierarchy of needs?

A

Maslow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the hierarchy of needs?

A

Physiological needs
safety
belonging
self-esteem
self-actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who developed Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Conditions a behavior so that it occurs under a new antecedent conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

causes a reaction naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Unconditioned response

A

The reaction to the cause (salvation to meat powder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

new stimulant (bell) that does nothing until paired with unconditioned stimulus (the meat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Conditioned Response

A

Reaction to NEW stimulus (Salvation to bell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Operant Conditioning is was developed by which behavioralist?

A

BF Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Operant Conditioning is…

A

The modification of voluntary behavior through the use of consequences (positive/negative).

45
Q

What are four types of operant conditioning

A

Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction

46
Q

Which types of operant conditioning weaken behavior?

A

punishment and extinction

47
Q

extinction

A

to ignore a behavior

48
Q

Who developed the 5 stages of dying?

A

Elizabeth Kubler Ross

49
Q

What are Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of dying?

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

50
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Social Learning Theory
Concepts of self-efficacy

51
Q

In Social Learning Theory learning is dependent on…..

A

environment, cognition, and behavior

52
Q

According to the Social Learning Theory, Observational Learning requires which 4 characteristics

A

attention,
retention,
reciprocation
motivation

53
Q

Feminist of Social Learning

A

Carol Gilligan

54
Q

Person in Environment System assesses client functioning using what 4 systems?

A

4 “systems”–social, environmental, mental, physical

55
Q

Mahler’s Child Development is also used for …

A

Couples Development

56
Q

Which Theorists are associated with PIE assessment?

A

James Karl and Karen Wandrei

57
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Structuralism
Founder of Experimental psychology
Studied the structure of consciousness, rather than function

58
Q

William James

A

Functionalism
Studied the function of consciousness, rather than the structure

59
Q

Sigmund Freud developed?

A

Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Consciousness, structure of personality, and stages of child development

60
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Individual Psychology
*every person has feelings of inferiority and strives for superiority

61
Q

John B. Watson

A

Behaviorism
emphasized Observable Behavior of individuals, rather than their emotional or mental state.

62
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

Child Development
Children’s learning processes and the use of language

63
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Social Psychology
Organizational Management

64
Q

Defensive Mechanisms serve what purpose?

A

Used to protect the Ego

65
Q

Rene Spitz

A

Ego Development of the child and the relationship between mother and child. Developed–“Anaclitic depression”

66
Q

Compensation

A

seeking of success in one area of life as a substitute for success in another

67
Q

Conversion

A

transformation of anxiety into a physical dysfunction (Seizures as a defense against ongoing abuse)

68
Q

Denial

A

refusal to acknowledge an aspect of reality

69
Q

Displacement

A

shifting of negative feelings one has about a person or situation onto a different person or situation (husband angry at boss, takes it out on his wife)

70
Q

How is Identification used as a defense mechanism?

A

Client identifies with the person or thing causing anxiety. Such as “identifying with a kidnapper.”

71
Q

Isolation of Affect

A

painful feelings are separated from the incident that triggered them initially (in car accident but has no emotion until afterward)

72
Q

Intellectualization

A

reasoning is used to block difficult feelings

73
Q

Projection

A

ones own negative characteristics are denied and instead seen as being characteristics of someone else. (when someone is calling the kettle black)

74
Q

Rationalization

A

Person substitutes a more socially acceptable, logical reason for an action rather than identifying the real motivation (pretending to have a work meeting to get out of a family dinner)

75
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Adopting a behavior that is the antithesis of the instinctual urge (pretending to care about an oppressed group when real bias exists.)

76
Q

Regression

A

Reverting to a more primitive modes of coping

77
Q

Repression

A

Unconscious pushing of anxiety producing thoughts and issues out of the conscious and in to the unconscious

78
Q

Sublimation

A

intolerable drives or desires are diverted into activities that are acceptable (strong sexual urges, so plays sports)

79
Q

Substitution

A

a person replaces an unacceptable goal with an acceptable one (someone wants to be a tattoo artist but becomes a painter b/c of family pressure)

80
Q

Undoing

A

an individual engages in a repetitious ritual in an attempt to reverse an unacceptable action previous taken. (washing hands to symbolically get rid of blood after having a fight)

81
Q

Affliation

A

an individual shares with others his or her emotional conflict or stress to elicit support or help rather than trying to place the responsibility on someone else. (working through you problems with support of others)

82
Q

Aim Inhibition

A

an individual places a limit on his or her instinctual demands and accepts a modified goal (cant’ become a doctor, so they become a pharmacist)

83
Q

Altruism as a defense mechanism…

A

a person manages emotion/anxiety etc by meeting the needs of others, thereby receiving vicarious gratification. (Sadness over can’t be a mother, so becomes a nurse)

84
Q

Anticipation

A

an individual deals with anxiety by practicing his or her emotional reactions to an anticipated future event.

85
Q

Autistic Fantasy

A

an individual daydreams excessively as a substitute for real action (dreams about being a rock star but never takes a music lesson)

86
Q

Deflection

A

a GROUP member who redirections attention away from himself or herself and on to another group member

87
Q

Devaluation

A

an individual deals with his or her emotional conflict or stress by attributing negative qualities to him or herself or to others

88
Q

Dissociation

A

a mechanism of compartmentalization, or separating of activities or thoughts from the main portion of one’s consciousness. (A man able to live two lives, with two wives/families)

89
Q

Fixation

A

When someone is attached to an object associated with an early psychosexual stage of development– “oral fixation” a baby struggles to wean and develops an oral fixation.

90
Q

Idealization

A

the process of over-estimating the desirable qualities and under estimating the limitations of something that is important to the individual.

91
Q

Imitation

A

the unconscious and conscious modeling of another persons behavior or style

92
Q

Incorportation

A

earliest mechanisms used in the developmental process whereby a child through the process of observation, assimilates into his or her own ego and superego the values attitudes, and preferences of her parents.

93
Q

Introjection

A

UNCONSCIOUSLY incorporating ideas, attributes, or mental image into one’s own personality

94
Q

Isolation

A

an individual is able to split off emotional components from a thought or experience (flight attendant remains calm during an emergency, reacting once it’s over)

95
Q

Omnipotence

A

an individual dealing with his or her own emotional stress by feeling or acting in a superior manner.

96
Q

Passive Aggression

A

an individual expresses aggression toward another person in an indirect and unassertive manner to avoid the emotional stress related to dealing with the other person’s reaction.

97
Q

Projective Identification

A

Like projection, this falsely attributes to another person one’s own unacceptable impulses, thoughts or feelings–but is a far more primitive form of relating and more disturbing for the receiver to deal with

98
Q

Resistance

A

prevents the bringing of repressed (unconscious) feelings or information to conscious awareness to avoid anxiety

99
Q

Restitution

A

Relieving stress or guilt by doing something to make up for what one considers a behavior error committed against another individual. (Bring a cake to after refusing to do a favor)

100
Q

Somatization

A

an individual experiences physical symptoms of the body’s sympathetic and parasympathetic system as the result of emotional conflict or stress.

101
Q

Splitting

A

splitting another person into two parts (the good and the bad) to cope with the painful feelings associated with that person.

102
Q

Suppression

A

the conscious and intentional exclusion of data from consciousness.

103
Q

Symbolization

A

handling emotional conflicts by turning those conflicts into symbols which can be viewed as displacements of deeper desires (interpreting a dream as a symbol of a deeper desire)

104
Q

Ethnographic Approach

A

The study of culture as fluid, always evolving. The client is a cultural guide for social worker

105
Q

Ethnographic Interviewing

A

To understand the “meaning” of a clients cultural experience
Don’t listen for underlying feelings, listen for underlying cultural meaning
Use skills of restating and incorporating, NOT rephrasing and reframing

106
Q

Traditional Adaptation

A

Ethnic culture stays strong against dominate culture

107
Q

Marginal Adaptation

A

Reject both ethnic and dominate culture

108
Q

Assimilation

A

Reject ethnic and adopt dominate

109
Q

Bicultural Adaptation

A

Accept ethnic and dominate culture

110
Q

What is a child thinking during Kohlberg’s Pre-Conventional stage of moral development?

A

“What’s in it for me?”

111
Q

How is one thinking/behaving during Kohlberg’s Conventional stage of moral development?

A

Conforming to social norms

LMSW (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions