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ANATOMY > SKELETAL/MUSC/NERV SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL/MUSC/NERV SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The body framework consists of :

A

Bone
cartilage
ligaments (strong tissue that hold joints together)
Joints (bone to bone)

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2
Q

Functions of the SKELETAL SYSTEM include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A

Support
Mocvement
Blood cell formation - HEMOPOIESIS
Protection of internal organs
Detoxification (removal of poisons)
Provision for muscle attachment
Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorous)

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3
Q

Individual bones are classified by SHAPE.
Name them:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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4
Q

Describe a long bone:

A

Irregular epiphysys at each end.
Composed of spongy (cancellous) bone
Shaft or diaphysis- composed of compact bone.

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5
Q

Cells that FORM COMPACT BONE are called

A

Osteoblast.

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6
Q

Osteoblast cells that become mature bone cells. And are embedded in the bone matrix are now called

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

The ____ skeleton consists of the 28 bones of the SKULL.
(Includes auditory ossicles)

14 facial bones and 14 cranial bones .

A

AXIAL

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8
Q

Name the FACIAL BONES (8 main bones)

A

2 NASAL BONES
2 MAAXILLARY BONES
2 ZYGOMATIC BONES
1 MANDIBLE
2 PALATINE BONES
1 VOMER
2 LACRIMAL BONES
2 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAES

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9
Q

Name the bones of the CRANIUM

A

1 OCCIPITAL
1 FRONTAL
1 ETHMOID
1 SPHENOID
2 PARIETAL
2 TEMPORAL
OSSICLES OF THE EAR (malleus, incus, & stapes)

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10
Q

The AXIAL SKELETON HAS ____ BONES of the vertebral column.

A

33

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11
Q

Name the bones in the vertebral column:

A

7 cervical vertebrae (spine)
12 thoracic vertebrae (spine)
5 lumbar vertebrae (spine)

5 sacral vertebrae (fused to form the sacrum)
Coccygeal vertebrae (COCCYX- tailbone)

Bones of the Thorax (area of body b/t neck and abdomen- CHEST)
Sternum (T-shaped; Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process)

12 pairs of RIBS

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12
Q

The _____ skeleton includes the girdles (lower pelvic & upper shoulder) and the limbs.

A

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

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13
Q

Name the bones of the ARM

A

Humerus
Radius ulna
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (bones of the hand)
Phalanges (bones of the fingers)

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14
Q

Coxal bone (pelvic gurdle/ hip bone) is made up of 3 MAIN bones

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

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15
Q

Name the leg bones

A

Femur (thigh bone)
Tibia
fibula

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16
Q

Name the Foot bones

A

Tarsals (ankle bone)
Metatarsals (bone of the foot)
Phalanges (toe (finger) bones)

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17
Q

Muscles produce movement by CONTRACTING in response to _____ stimulation.

A

NERVOUS

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18
Q

Muscles contraction results from the sliding together of _____ & _______ fillaments WITHIN the muscle cell or fiber.

A

Actin (THIN FILAMENT)
&
Myosin (THICK FILAMENT)

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19
Q

Each muscle cell consists of MYOFIBRILS (muscle fibers), which in turn are made up of still smaller units called ________

A

SARCOMERES

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20
Q

What 2 things need to be present for a muscle cell to contract?

A

CALCIUM & ADENOSINE TRIPHOPHATE (ATP)

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21
Q

Muscles under CONSCIOUS CONTROL

A

Voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles)

22
Q

Skeletal muscles must work in _____

A

Pairs

23
Q
  1. Muscle that executes a given movement (contracts) is the _______
  2. Muscle that is relaxed (does opposite) is the ____
A
  1. Prime mover (AGONIST)
  2. Antagonist
24
Q

A MUSCLE that BENDS a joint is called a
(They reduce the angle)

A

Flexor

25
Q

A MUSCLE that straightens a joint is called an
(They increase the angle)

A

EXTENSOR.

26
Q

_____ draws a limb AWAY from the midline

A

ABductors

27
Q

_____ return the limb BACK toward the body (midline)

A

ADductor

28
Q

What makes up the NERVOUS SYSTEM?

A

BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND NERVES

29
Q

Nerve impulses to muscles cause _____

A

Contractions.

30
Q

Name the ENDOCRINE GLANDS

A

Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries/placenta
Testes

31
Q

The glands that make up the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM produce chemical messengers called _________ that travel THROUGH the BLOOD to other parts of the body.

A

HORMONES.

32
Q

The endocrine and _______ systems work closely together, CORRELATING and integrating body functions such as DIGESTION AND REPRODUCTION

A

NERVOUS

33
Q

What part of the brain CONTROLS the endocrine system?
It regulates the activity of the glands.

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

34
Q

Nerve cells are known as ______ and are the functional units of the NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NEURONS

35
Q

Name the MAIN PARTS of A NEURON:

A

Cell body
Axon
Dendrites

36
Q

______ receive imput from many other neurons and carry those signals (impulses) toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

37
Q

_____ transmit the impulse AWAY from the NEURONS cell body.

A

AXONS

38
Q

NERVOUS system is divided into 2 parts

A

CNS central nervous systems
PNS peripheral nervous system

39
Q

______ nervous system consists of ALL THE NERVES that transmit information to and from the CNS.

A

PNS

40
Q

Sensory _______ neurons transmit nerve impulses TOWARD the CNS

A

AFFERENT

A FOR “ARRIVED”
Skin sensory arrives to the Spinal cord (CNS)

41
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE CNS?

A

BRAIN AND SPINal Cord

42
Q

WHAT MAKES UP THE PNS?

A

THE NERves THAT BRANCH OUT FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.

NERVES CONNECT BRAIN, SPINAL CORD TO THE REST OF THE BODY.

43
Q

Motor _____ neurons transmit nerve impulses AWAY from the CNSto ward the effector organs such as MUSCLES, GLANDS, AND DIGESTIVE ORGANS.

A

EFFERENT

E FOR “EXIT” THE CNS.

44
Q

MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN

A

CEREBRUM (major part of the brain)
CEREBELLUM (smallest part of brain. Located bottom of cerebrum)
MEDULLA OBLONGATA (brain stem)

45
Q

Part of the brain associated with MOVEMENT and SENSORY input

A

CEREBRUM

46
Q

Part of the brain responsible for muscular COORDINATION

A

CEREBELLUM

47
Q

Part of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiratory and heart rate.

A

Medulla oblongata

( or Medulla - long stem-like structure makes up the lower part of the brains stem. Connection b/t the brainstem and the spinal cord)

48
Q

______ pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord

A

31

49
Q

Simple ___ reflexes are those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and DO NOT reach the brain.

A

SPINAL

50
Q

What are the 5 stages of fracture bone healing?

A

Haematoma, inflammation, proliferation, callus formation, and remodelling.

51
Q

Difference bt OSTEOBLAST and OSTEOCLAST.

A

Osteoblast: responsible for NEW BONE FORMATION

Osteoclast: responsible for AGED BONE RESORPTION.

ANATOMY (6 decks)

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