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Anatomy > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

contents anterior compartment lower leg

A

extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
tibialis anterior
peroneus tertius
deep peroneal nerve
anterior tibial artery and nerve

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2
Q

contents lateral compartment lower leg

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
superficial peroneal nerve

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3
Q

contents deep posterior compartment lower leg

A

flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
fibular artery and vein
posterior tibial artery and vein
tibial nerve

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4
Q

contents superfical posterior compartment lower leg

A

soleus
gastroc

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5
Q

Branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common peroneal

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6
Q

Arteries of lower limb

A

aorta
common iliacs
internal and external iliacs

external iliac > common femoral > superficial femoral and profunda femoris

profunda femoris > medial and lateral circumflex and perforating branches

superficial femoral > popliteal > anterior tibial and peroneal trunk

anterior tibial > dorsalis pedis

tibioperoneal trunk > posterior tibial and peroneal

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7
Q

Where does the femoral artery become popliteal

A

adductor hiatus

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8
Q

contents adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve

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9
Q

Adductors

A

pectineus
gracillis
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

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10
Q

arterial supply and innervation adductors

A

obturator nerve L2-4
profunda femoris

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11
Q

Where does the dural sheath terminate?

A

S2

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12
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus

A

ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

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13
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus

A

IT tract (3/4) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4)

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14
Q

Nerve supply gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2

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15
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus

A

extension of thigh
lateral rotation
balance pelvis on thigh
steady femur on knee

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16
Q

Origin gluteus medius

A

ilium

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17
Q

insertion gluteus medius

A

lateral greater trochanter

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18
Q

nerve supply gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal L4 L5 S1

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19
Q

actions gluteus medius

A

abduction
prevent pelvis tilting

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20
Q

gluteus minimus origin

A

ilium

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21
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior GT

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22
Q

nerve supply gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal L4 L5 S1

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23
Q

action gluteus minimus

A

abduction
medial rotation

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24
Q

tensor fascia lata origin

A

posterior to ASIS

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25
Q

tensor fascia lata insertion

A

IT tract

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26
Q

nerve supply TFL

A

superior gluteal L4 L5 S1

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27
Q

action TFL

A

assists gluteus maximus to stabilise the thigh

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28
Q

piriformis origin

A

sacrum

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29
Q

piriformis insertion

A

upper GT

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30
Q

nerve supply piriformis

A

direct fro S2/3

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31
Q

action piriformis

A

lateral rotation

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32
Q

obturator internus origin

A

obturator membrane

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33
Q

obturator internus inserion

A

medial GT

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34
Q

nerve supply obterator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus L5 S1 S2

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35
Q

origin gemelli

A

lesser sciatic notch

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36
Q

insertion gemelli

A

tendon obturator internus

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37
Q

nerve supply gemelli

A

superior - nerve to ob internus
inferior - nerve to quad femoris

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38
Q

origin quadrator femoris

A

ischial tuberosity

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39
Q

insertion quadrator femoris

A

trochanteric crest

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40
Q

nerve supply quadrator femoris

A

nerve to quadrator femoris L4 L5 S1

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41
Q

boundaries of greater sciatic foramen

A

anterior/superior - greater sciatic notch
inferior - sacrospinous ligament
posterior - sacrotuberous ligament

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42
Q

boundaries lesser sciatic foramen

A

anterior - ischium and sacrospinous ligament
posterior - sacrotuberous ligament

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43
Q

structures passing through GSF

A

things above piriformis
piriformi
things below piriformis

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44
Q

structures passing through GSF above piriformis

A

superior gluteal vessels
superior gluteal nerve

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45
Q

structures passing through GSF below piriformis

A

inferior gluteal vessels
inferior gluteal nerve
internal pudendal vessels
internal pudendal nerve
sciatc nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve
nerve to quadratus femoris
nerve to obturator internus

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46
Q

structures passing through LSF

A

tendon obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
pudendal nerve

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47
Q

lateral rotators of thigh

A

piriformis
gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
gluteus maximus

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48
Q

abductors of thigh

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

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49
Q

Where do you find ligamentum teres?

A

central fovea head of femur

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50
Q

angle of femoral neck

A

125 degrees
smaller angle in women

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51
Q

which is more lateral GT or LT?

A

GT

52
Q

what stops the patella slipping off?

A

lateral condyle of femur is bigger and the insertion of last fibres of vastus medialis

53
Q

position of leg in #NOF

A

short, adducted externally rotated

54
Q

where do cruciates and menisci attach?

A

intercondylar area

55
Q

WHat does the soleal line mark

A

origin of soleus

56
Q

groove on medial maleolus for which tendon?

A

tibialis posterior

57
Q

grooves on lateral malleous for which tendons?

A

peroneus longus
peroneus brevis

58
Q

proximal row of tarsal bones

A

talus, calcaneous and navicular

59
Q

distal row of tarsal bones

A

3x cuneiforms and cuboid

cueniforms articulate with navicular and cuboid articulates with calcaneus

60
Q

what are the muscular/tendonous attachments to talus?

A

none

61
Q

groove on talus for what tendon

A

flexor hallicus longus

62
Q

which tubercle of the calcaneous is weightbearing?

A

lateral

63
Q

groove on cuboif for what tendon?

A

peroneous longus

64
Q

what tendon attaches to navicular ?

A

tibialis posterior

65
Q

which flexor has 2 sesamoid bones in the tendon in the foot?

A

fleor hallicus brevis

66
Q

which bone is fractured in a march fracture?

A

second metatarsal

67
Q

which tendon attaches to the fifth metatarsal

A

peroneus brevis

68
Q

boundaries of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament
adductor longus
sartorius

69
Q

contents femoral triangle

A

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal
deep inguinal lymph nodes

70
Q

relations femoral canal

A

posteiror - pectineul ligament
medial - lacunar ligament
anteiror - inguinal ligament
lateral - femoral vein

71
Q

contents femoral sheath

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal

72
Q

fascia femoral sheath

A

anterior - transversalis
posterior - iliacus

73
Q

sites draining to inguinal nodes

A

buttocks
lower limb
lower trunk and back below the umbilicus
abdominal wall below and including the umbilicus
perineum
penis and scrotum
vulva and lower 3rd vagina
fundus uterus
lower half anal canal

74
Q

where is the adductor canal

A

apex femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa

75
Q

borders of popliteal fossa

A

above and medial - semimembranosus and semitendinosus

above and lateral - biceps femoris

below - lateral and medial heads of gastroc to make diamond shape

76
Q

deepest structure in the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

77
Q

muscle making floor of popliteal fossa

A

popliteus

78
Q

vessel piercing the deep fascia roof of popliteal fossa

A

small saphenous vein

79
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
sciatic nerve enters, common peroneal and tibial leave
lymoh nodes (drainign lateral foot and heel)
fat
bursae

80
Q

branches of femoral artery

A

superficial epigastric
superficial circumflex iliac
superficial external pudendal
deep external pudendal
profunda femoris

81
Q

is profunda femoris anterior or posterior to adductor longus?

A

posterior

82
Q

branches of popliteal artery

A

anterior and posterior tibial
muscular
geniculate to the knee

83
Q

which muscle overlaps popliteal artery at the opening to poplitealfossa

A

semimembranosus

84
Q

below the poplitealfossa, which muscles cover the popliteal artery

A

gastroc and plantaris

85
Q

where does the posterior tibial artery divide and into which branches

A

flexor retinaculum

medial and lateral plantar arteries

and the peroneal at the tibial trunk

86
Q

between which tendons do you find the anterior tibial artery above and bellow ankle?

A

above - extensor hallicus longus
tibilais anterior

below - extensor hallicus longus and exensor digitorum lingus

87
Q

which tendon crosses the tibialis anteririor artery

A

extensor hallicus longus

88
Q

what artery does the tib ant artery become

A

doraslis pedis

89
Q

where can you palpate the femoral artery

A

midinguinal piint - half way between ASIS and PS

90
Q

which artery is vulnerable in femoral supracondylar fractures

A

popliteal

91
Q

relationshio great saphenous vein and medial malleolus

A

vein is always anterior

92
Q

course of great saphenous vein

A

medial side of dorsal venous arch of foot > infront of medial malleolus >behind medial border of patella > medial aspect of thigh > pierces deep fascia > terminates in femoral vein at saphenous opening 4cm below pubic tubercle

93
Q

which nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein

A

saphenous nerve

94
Q

course of short saphenous vein

A

originates lateral aspect of dorsal arch > behind lateral malleolus > pierces deep fascia at poplital fossa > termiates in popliteal vein

95
Q

anterior compartment thigh

A

quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
sartorius

femoral nerve
superficial femoral artery

96
Q

medial compartment thigh

A

obturator externus
adductor magnus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
pectineus
gracillis

obturator artery/profunda femoris
obturator nerve

97
Q

posterior compartment thigh

A

semitendinous, semimembrinous, biceps femoris

sciatic nerve
profunda femoris

98
Q

principal branches lumber plexus

A

ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral cutaneous of thigh
femoral
obturator

99
Q

ilioinguinal nerve root, course and supply

A

T12 L1
enters the inguinal canal
supplies skin of groin and anterior scrotum

100
Q

genitofemoral nerve root, course and supply

A

L1 L2
anterior surface psoas
posterior to ureters

genital branch
- deep inguinal ring
- cremaster muscle
- emerges from superficial ring and supplies the skinof the scrotum
- in females supplies the labia majora

femoral branch
- deep to inguinal ligament in the femoral sheath
- skin just inferior to the ligament

101
Q

lateral cutaneous nerve root, course and supply

A

L2 L3
deep o inguinal ligament
if peirces the inguinal ligament = meralgia paraesthetia

102
Q

femoral nerve root, course and supply

A

L2 L3 L4
lateral aspect of psoas
under inguinal ligament lateral to the artery

5cm from ingional ligament breaks into terminal branches

103
Q

terminal branches of femoral nerve

A

muscular - quads, sartorius, pectineus

cutaneous - saphenous, medial and intermediate cutaneous

articular to hip and knee

104
Q

obturator nerve root, course and supply

A

L2 L3 L4
medial psoas
deep to internal iliacs
enters thigh through obturator foramen

anterior and posterior branches

anteriro - adductor longus, brevis, gracillus

posterior - adductor magnus, obteruartor externus, knee

105
Q

where do the trunks of the lumbar plexus emerge

A

all in psoas
lateral except from genitofemoral and obturator

genitofemoral - anterior
obturator - medial

106
Q

where does the sacral plexus emerge

A

anterior sacralforamina infront of piriformis

107
Q

superior gluteal nerve root, course and supply

A

L4L5S1
out of greater sciatic foramen above piriformis
accomapines superior gluteal vessels
supplies gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata

108
Q

inferior gluteal nerve root, course and supply

A

L5 S1 S2
passes out of pelvis below piriformis
supplies gluteus maximus

109
Q

pudendal nerve root, course and supply

A

S2,3,4
out of greater sciatic foramen between piriformis and coccygeus
medial to sacral nerve
medial to internal pudendal artery
back into pelvis vis lesser sciatic foramen
three branches
- inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal nerve of penis

110
Q

sciatic nerve root, course and supply

A

L4-5 S1-3
emerges fom GSF below piriformiscovered by gluteus maximus
descend deep to hamstrings
crossed by longhead biceps
divides into tibial and common peroneal
supplies hamstrings

111
Q

tibial nerve root, course and supply

A

L4,5 S1-3
larger than common peoneal
superficial to vessels in popliteal fossa, crossed lateral to medial
behind medial malleolus
medial and lateral plantar nerves
sural nerve branch in popliteal fossa
supplies posterior compartment leg, inrinsic muscles foot, sole of foot (edial and plaetral plantars)

112
Q

common peroneal

A

L4 L5 S1 S2
Enters popliteal fossa lateral to tibial
along medial border to biceps tendon
wings around neck of fibula

113
Q

what is sural nerve a branch of

A

tibial in popliteal fossa

114
Q

what is saphenous nerve a branch of

A

femoral nerve in thigh

115
Q

deep peroneal nerve root, course and supply

A

pierces extensor digitorum
supplies anterior compartment and first web space

116
Q

common nerve root, course and supply

A

lateral compartment and lateral leg and dorsum of foot

117
Q

knee tendon reflex muscle and root

A

quadriceps L3/4 - femoral nerve

118
Q

ankle tendon reflex muscle and root

A

gastrocnemius s1 - tibial/sciatic

119
Q

hip flexors

A

iliacus
psoas major
rectus femoris
sartorius
pectineus

120
Q

abductors and medial rotators of hip

A

gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

121
Q

where do plantar ligaments attach

A

calcaneum

122
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

3 parts
antierior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

123
Q

medial ankle ligaments

A

medial maleolus to talus

124
Q

what provides the most stability at the knee

A

quadriceps

125
Q

what is pes anserinus?

A

tendon of gracillis, sartorius and semitendinosus at medial knee

helps with meial support for knee
can get a bursitis

126
Q

Where does psoas major originate and attach nd what is it innervated by

A

T12 to L4

lesser trochanter

L1-L3 anterior rami

Anatomy (7 decks)

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