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Animal Biology 1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

hypothalamus location

A

in the brain over the pituitary

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2
Q

which hormones does the hypothalamus produce and release into the bloodstream (6)

A
  • TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
  • GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
  • GHRH (growth-hormone-releasing hormone)
  • CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
  • Somatostatin
  • Dopamine
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3
Q

pineal gland

A
  • Photoreceptive
  • Positioned in the brain at the back
  • Effects: day-night rhythm, seasonal rhythm
  • High light intensity/duration gives low melatonin
  • High activity/energy
  • High or low fertility in seasonal breeds
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4
Q

which hormone does the pineal gland produce

A

melatonin “sleeping hormone”

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5
Q

pituitary gland - where is it and what does it consist of?

A
  • In the brain under the hypothalamus
  • “Master endocrine gland”
  • Anterior pituitary (left)
  • posterior pituitary (right)
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6
Q

anterior pituitary - what does it do?

A

stimulates organs to make hormones

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7
Q

posterior pituitary

A

stores hormones until needed , hormones are transferred from the hypothalamus into this lobe

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8
Q

which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland (6)

A

FSH, LH, TSH, STH, ACTH, Prolactin

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9
Q

Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland (2)

A

Vasopressin, Oxytocin

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10
Q

FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
target, hormone, effect

A
  • Target organ: ovary or testicle
  • Hormone: Estrogen
  • Effect: Follicle growth or sperm production
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11
Q

LH (luteinizing hormone)
target, hormone, effect

A
  • Target organ: Ovary or testicle
  • Hormone: Progesterone or testosterone
  • Effect: Ovulation/luteinization or male development and behavior
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12
Q

TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
target, hormone, effect

A
  • Target organ: thyroid gland
  • Hormone: thyroid hormone
  • Effect: high metabolism
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13
Q

STH or GH (somatotropin or growth hormone)
target (5), effect

A
  • Target organ: bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat
  • Effect: body growth and high metabolism
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14
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin)
target, hormone, effect

A
  • Target organ: Adrenal gland
  • Hormone: cortisol
  • Effect: long term stress response
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15
Q

Prolactin
target, effect

A
  • Target organ: Udder (mammary gland)
  • Effect: milk production
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16
Q

Vasopressin (ADH = Anti diuretic hormone)
target, effect

A
  • Target organ: kidney
  • Effect: retaining water
17
Q

Oxytocin
target, effect

A
  • Target organ: uterus, udder
  • Effect: smooth muscle contraction, birth and placenta excretion, milk ejection
18
Q

thyroid gland
location, hormone, effect

A
  • Positioned beside windpipe (trachea)
  • Produces hormone thyroxin (with iodine)
  • Effects: metabolism increases, growth, and development
  • Negative feedback mechanism for TSH
19
Q

what hormone does thyroid gland produce

A

thyroxin

20
Q

parathyroid gland
which hormone and effect?

A
  • Produces parathyroid hormone
  • Calcium decrease
21
Q

adrenal gland
position, what does it consist of

A

positioned in front of kidneys, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

22
Q

adrenal cortex
what does it produce

A

produces: Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone), Corticosteroids (Cortisol), Androgens

23
Q

Cortisol (adrenal cortex)

A
  • For carbohydrate balance
  • Maintains high level of glucose
  • Maintains glycogen storage
  • Stimulated by ACTH from pituitary (negative feedback mechanism)
24
Q

adrenal medulla
what does it produce

A

produces: epinephrin (=adrenalin), norepinephrin (=noadrenalin)

25
Q

pancreas location

A

positioned in the first bend of the duodenum

26
Q

what does the pancreas produce
hormones and digestive enzymes

A
  • Hormones: insulin and glucagon
  • Digestive enzymes: lipase, protease, and amylase
27
Q

thymus
location, when is it active, what does it produce

A
  • Most active before puberty
  • Produces thymosin
  • Located in the upper front part of the chest
28
Q

gonads
hormones

A
  • Ovaries: progesterone, estrogen
  • Testes: androgens (testosterone)
29
Q

what links the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

A

blood vessels

30
Q

what links the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

A

nerves

31
Q

hormones produced by the pituitary, throid gland, pancreas, and adrenal medulla

A
  • Peptides: amino acid chains
  • Single amino acids

Animal Biology 1 (6 decks)

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