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ENS195 > Integrated Solid Waste Management > Flashcards

Integrated Solid Waste Management Flashcards

1
Q

A solid material possessing a negative economic value, which suggests that it is cheaper to discard than to use

A

Solid waste

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2
Q

Ignitable, corrosive, reactive, and/or toxic

A

Hazardous waste

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3
Q

What type of hazardous waste has the biggest generation and by how much?

A

Inorganic chemical wastes (25%)

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4
Q

What are the sampling characteristics?

A

– Direct sampling
– Material flows
– Survey

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5
Q

What are the variability characteristics?

A

– Seasonal
– Regional
– Household size
– National economy

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6
Q

What are the five phases of municipal solid waste collection?

A
  • House to can
  • Can to truck
  • Truck from house to house
  • Truck routing
  • Truck to disposal
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7
Q
  1. Routes should not _________, should be ________, and should not be _______.
A

overlap
compact
fragmented

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8
Q
  1. The starting point should be _____________ as possible.
A

as close to the truck garage

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9
Q
  1. Heavily traveled streets should be _______________.
A

avoided during rush hours

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10
Q
  1. One-way streets that cannot be traversed in one line should be
    ___________ of the street.
A

looped from the upper end

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11
Q
  1. Dead end streets should be collected when on the _______ of the
    street.
A

right side

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12
Q
  1. On hills, the collection should proceed ___________ so that the truck can
    coast.
A

downhill

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13
Q
  1. ____________ around blocks should be used whenever possible.
A

Clockwise turns

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14
Q
  1. __________ should be routed before looping clockwise.
A

Long, straight paths

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15
Q
  1. For certain block patterns, ____________ should be used.
A

standard paths

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16
Q

10.________ can be avoided by never leaving one _____________ as the
only access and exit to the node.

A

U-turns, two-way street

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17
Q

reduction in transport costs

A

Transfer stations

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18
Q

reduction in trafficking of smaller vehicles at the treatment/disposal site

A

Transfer stations

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19
Q

reduction in refuse crew costs due to waiting time for vehicles in transit

A

Transfer stations

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20
Q

Where do most sustainable packaging efforts direct?

A

65% Design for recyclability or use of recycled content
57% Weight Reduction
41% Renewable or Bio-based Materials
25% Compostable Materials

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21
Q

recover any items of value that need not be processed

A

Positive sorting

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22
Q

remove all those items that could cause damage to the rest of the processing system

A

Negative sorting

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23
Q

What is the formula of critical speed?

A

Nc = sqrt(g/4rpi^2)

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24
Q

Deflection due to electric field

A

Eddy current separators

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25
Q

Electric charge from friction

A

Triboelectric charging

26
Q

What is the Fiber Recycling Process?

A
  1. Waste paper
  2. Pulping
  3. Coarse Screening
  4. Cleaning
  5. Brightening
  6. Fine cleaning
  7. Ink removal
  8. Decolorization
  9. Washing
  10. Pulp
27
Q

Finely ground container and non-container glass used in sandblasting. Such abrasives contain no silica, which is the causative agent of silicosis.

A

Abrasives

28
Q

Container and non-container glass utilized as drainage medium, backfill, or for landscaping purposes

A

Aggregate Substitute

29
Q

Container and noncontainer glass is melted into rounded glass pellets or beads and used in reflective paint for highways

A

Bead Manufacturing

29
Q

Ceramic tiles, picture frames, costume jewelry, and some household items may include recycled container and non-container glass

A

Decorative applications

29
Q

Recycled glass is used to make fractionators needed for firing ammunition and lighting matches

A

Frictionators

30
Q

Glass powders used as lubricants, core additives, and fluxes in metal foundry work and fabrication, as well as flux/finders in the ceramics industry

A

Fluxex and other additives

31
Q

Give examples of glass that can’t be recycled

A
  • Light bulbs
  • Window Glass
  • Ceramic
  • Drink Glasses
  • Bags
32
Q

Recycling one ton of aluminum conserves ___________ and _______ hours of electricity.

A

8 tons of bauxite, 14 mW

33
Q

Ferrous metals recycling

A
  1. Scrap
  2. Electric furnace
  3. Post-melting Tapping
  4. Heating furnace
  5. Rolling
  6. Cooling
  7. Cutting, Bunding, Shipping
34
Q

What types of plastics are not acceptable in most programs for recycling?

A

PVC and PS

35
Q

Unprocessed MSW (the mass bum option)

A

RDF-1

36
Q

MSW shredded but no separation of materials.

A

RDF-2

37
Q

The organic fraction of shredded MSW. This is usually produced in a materials recovery facility (MRF) or from source-separated organics such as newsprint.

A

RDF-3

38
Q

Organic waste produced by an MRF has been further shredded into a fine, (almost powder) form, sometimes called fluff.

A

RDF-4

39
Q

Organic waste produced by a MRF that has been densified by a pelletizer or a similar device. These pellets often can be fired with coal in existing furnaces.

A

RDF-5

40
Q

Organic fraction of the waste that has been further processed into liquid fuel, such as oil.

A

RDF-6

41
Q

Organic waste processed into a gaseous fuel

A

RDF-7

42
Q

move and mix solids

A

Grates

43
Q

proceeds at a very slow rate of temperature increase, generally less than one degree C per second, and the final temperature range is between 500 and 750°C

A

slow pyrolysis

44
Q

takes place at a more rapid temperature rise, of 5 to 100°C/sec, and reaches­ temperatures of between 750 and 1OOO°C.

A

Intermediate pyrolysis

45
Q

occurs when the temperature rises fast, between 500 and 106 degrees C per sec­ond. The temperatures reached with this process are over 1OOO°C.

A

Rapid pyrolysis

46
Q

takes place when the temperature rise is essentially instantaneous, at over 106 degrees c per second. The temperatures attained in this process exceed 1200°c.

A

Flash pyrolysis

47
Q

By how much percent of original mass does ash residue have?

A

~25% of original mass (5% of original)

48
Q

By how many percent is the controlled parameters of moisture and C/N ratio must be set for composting?

A

– Moisture (~50%)
– C/N ratio (20 80)

49
Q

A group of organic compounds called polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins(PCDD)

A

Dioxin by-products

50
Q

How high can a temperature get when composting?

A

70 degC

51
Q

Planning considerations:

A

– Volume (lifetime) of landfill
– Siting (fatal flaw analysis)
– Permits and regulations

52
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of leachate loading rate?

A

600-1000

53
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Maximum leachate head

A

9-12

54
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Pipe spacing?

A

60-400

55
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of collection pipe diameter?

A

6-8

56
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the collection pipe material?

A

PVC or HDPE

57
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of Pipe slope

A

0.5-2

58
Q

For design guidance for Leachate-Collection System Components, what is the range of drainage slope?

A

0.5-2

ENS195 (4 decks)

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