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A level computer science > Exam 1: > Flashcards

Exam 1: Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term Von Neumann architecture?

A

Both data and instructions share the same memory
A single bus for both instructions and data

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2
Q

What is one way Harvard differs from Von Neumann?

A

Separate memory for data and instructions

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3
Q

What features of a newer processor would increase performance?

A

Higher clock speed
More cores

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4
Q

What are 3 little man computer values?

A

10, 60, 200

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5
Q

How would you set the value of a little man computer to zero?

A

LDA total
SUB total
STA total
HLT

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6
Q

What is pipelining?

A

One instruction can be fetched while another is being decoded and another is being executed
Completing multiple fetch execute decode cycles at once
Output of 1 instruction is input of another

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7
Q

What is one benefit of using pipelining?

A

More instructions being carried out in a set amount of time
Increases performance/speed for the program to finish

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8
Q

How is the accumulator used in the fetch execute decode cycle?

A

Holds all inputs/outputs
Holds results of calculations

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9
Q

How is the program counter used in the fetch execute decode cycle?

A

Increments by one on each cycle
Holds the address/location of next instruction to be executed

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10
Q

What are three other registers used in fetch decode execute cycle?

A

Memory address register
Memory data register
Current instruction register

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11
Q

RISC vs CISC AO1?

A

CISC- complex instruction set, lots of instructions available
RISC- reduced instruction set, small number of instructions available
CISC- more circuits and transistors then RISC so harder to make
RISC-instructions take 1 cycle

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12
Q

RISC vs CISC AO2?

A

CISC- would run the same software as the desktop machines, more expensive to buy, got to buy cooling units in the phone
RISC- requires software to be written specifically for it, smaller longer lasting battery, do require greater RAM as longer scripts of code

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13
Q

RISC vs CISC AO3?

A

CISC- save money on software but more expensive
RISC- investment in software but cheaper to invest in, better performance battery wise

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14
Q

What is a primary key?

A

A unique identifier

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15
Q

What is the foreign key, where is it used?

A

PackageType
Membership

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16
Q

What data type is a decimal point?

A

float

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17
Q

What type of data can be said to be boolean?

A

True/False

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18
Q

What is the structure of a SQL query?

A

SELECT
FROM
WHERE
ORDER BY

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19
Q

What is a method of capturing data and what are its benefits?

A

Form
Can validate data to check for errors in their info

20
Q

What does it mean if a transaction is durable?

A

A data or a transaction cannot be lost in the event of a system failure

21
Q

What is one way durability can be achieved?

A

Once a transaction is completed store it in secondary storage

22
Q

How does record locking work?

A

record locking allows only one person to access a piece of data at a time
outcome of concurrent processing is the same as if transactions were completed sequentially

23
Q

What is a disadvantage of record locking?

A

Can cause delays

24
Q

How does the copyright act work for videos?

A

The creator of the video is given the copyright
This act makes it illegal to distribute videos as your own without permission

25
Q

Advantages and disadvantages for lossy compression on a video?

A

Lossless can recreate the original file/Lossy permanently deletes the data
Lossless keeps video quality the same/Lossy reduces the quality of the video
Lossy video will buffer less when STREAMING/Lossless video will buffer more

26
Q

Creating a class for video?

A

class video
private name
private views
private starting

   public procedure new(newName)
                name = newName
                views = 0
                starrating = 3
   endprocedure endless
27
Q

How to create another procedure for video

A

public procedure updateviews()
views = views + 1
endprocedure

28
Q

what is the long binary number in denary?

A

-149

29
Q

What is the pattern for normalised?

A

Left
Right
Left
Left

30
Q

Artificial intelligence essay AO1?

A

Artificial intelligence is used for computer systems that require human intelligence.
AI is generated by programmers
Machine learning is where a machine improves its performance through experience

31
Q

Artificial intelligence essay AO2?

A

AI follows a program so if the program has bias so does the AI
Machine learning depends on the data it is given so also biased
Need large sets of data

32
Q

Artificial intelligence essay AO3?

A

Thorough testing is required
multiple programmers
scrutiny of code and of data given

33
Q

What is the purpose of a translator?

A

Convert high level code to low level code

34
Q

What are two differences between a compiler and a interpreter?

A

Compiler translates all code at once interpreter does line by line at runtime
Compiler creates a reusable executable file however interpreter needs to be used every time

35
Q

Lexical analysis table?

A

Left
Left
Right
Left
Middle

36
Q

What is the purpose of code optimisation?

A

Make the program run faster
Make the program use less memory

37
Q

What code do you need to fill in?

A

and asc(c) <= 90
capCount = capCount + 1
return capCount

38
Q

What is a similarity of ASCII and Unicode?

A

Both use binary to represent character sets

39
Q

What are two differences between ASCII and Unicode?

A

ASCII has fewer characters
ASCII is limited to Latin/English/European characters

40
Q

Waterfall vs spiral AO1?

A

Spiral made up of:
Determine risk- develop and manage risk- develop and test- plan next iteration
Waterfall made up of:
Analysis, design, development, test

41
Q

Waterfall vs spiral AO2?

A

Spiral uses regular feedback
Spiral creates regular working prototypes
Waterfall is very structured
Waterfall must get design right at start
Waterfall hard to make changes

42
Q

Waterfall vs spiral AO3?

A

Spiral involves client feedback and evolving prototypes - better when requirements may change
Waterfall- better when requirements are definitely clearly written out

43
Q

Why is first come first serve used at a printer?

A

All documents have equal priority
Creates a printer queue

44
Q

Why does the computers OS use round robin for allocating processor time?

A

Enables multitasking to take place
Limits each process to a certain amount of time - so that the OS can cycle through all of the different processes

45
Q

Describe one other scheduling algorithm?

A

Shortest remaining time:
Process that has the shortest time remaining is completed first

46
Q

What happens at application layer in TCP/IP stack?

A

It finds what protocol to use
Adds encryption to the data
Passes and receives from transport layer
Unpacks the packets taking off headers and non viewable data
decrypts and shows message

47
Q

What happens at the link layer?

A

Receives/passes data to/from the internet layer
Adds MAC addresses
Passes and recieves data via routers

A level computer science (5 decks)

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