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FORB201 > Lecture 3 - Forensic DNA Profiling > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Forensic DNA Profiling Flashcards

1
Q

Why is DNA useful?

A
  • Most cells contain nuclear DNA
  • Same no matter what cell type
  • Does not change (much)
  • Can be compared to DNA already in database

Forensic scientists only look at DNA we know is different between people

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2
Q

6 sources of DNA

A
  • Blood
  • Semen
  • Saliva
  • Skin cells
  • Hair roots
  • Foetal material
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3
Q

4 sources of DNA useful in body identification

A
  • Finger/toe nails
  • Body tissue
  • Bone
  • Teeth
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4
Q

3 types of DNA samples

A
  • Case samples
  • Reference samples (case specific)
  • DNA profile databank
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5
Q

Types of DNA samples from reference samples

A
  • Complainants
  • Suspects
  • Other people involved
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6
Q

Types of DNA samples in DNA profile databanks

A
  • Criminal investigations (bodily samples) act 1995
  • Convicted criminals (permanently held)
  • Volunteers (can be removed on request)
  • People police intend to charge (temporarily held)
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7
Q

What is YSTR crime sample databank?

A

Databank that only targets the Y chromosome (males)

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8
Q

What are the 3 data banks?

A
  • DNA profile data bank
  • Crime sample databank
  • YSTR crime sample databank
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9
Q

What is the DNA laboratory process?

A
  • Small sample
  • Extract cellular material from the substrate, isolate DNA from cells
  • Estimate how much DNA is present
  • Amplify DNA by making copies of area of interest (PCR)
  • Separate and detect the profiling results (electrophoresis)
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10
Q

What is DNA profile?

A

Set of profiling results obtained

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11
Q

What is locus?

A

A specific area or site on the DNA (plural: loci)

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12
Q

What is an allele?

A

An individual DNA profiling result

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13
Q

What are the conditions of the body that will determine DNA sample type?

A
  • Fresh
  • Decomposed
  • Skeletal
  • Burnt
  • Complete or incomplete
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14
Q

Why is DNA not always the best technique?

A
  • Slow (DNA profiling requires a specialist laboratory)
  • Need to process reference DNA samples
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15
Q

When is DNA the only option?

A
  • No teeth or dental records
  • No hands or feet for comparison
  • If really unknown, DNA profiling bank can help
  • Coroner really wants to be certain about the identification
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16
Q

How did the sulphur and other chemicals affect operation White Island?

A
  • Sulphur affected bodies
  • Concerns around corrosive effects on instruments in labs
17
Q

Where should samples from fresh bodies be taken?

A

Blood from chest cavity

18
Q

Where to take samples from decomposed body?

A
  • Finger/toenails
  • Deep muscle tissue
  • Bones/teeth (last resort)
19
Q

Where to take samples from skeletal body?

A
  • Long (weight-bearing) bones
  • Teeth
20
Q

Where to take samples from burnt body?

A
  • Bladder swabs
  • Deep muscle tissue
  • Finger/toenail (may be successful)
  • Bones/teeth

FORB201 (18 decks)

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