Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Modalities > Lecture 1: principles of modalities > Flashcards

Lecture 1: principles of modalities Flashcards

1
Q

another name for therapeutic modalities

A

physical agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

definition of physical agents

A

energy and materials applied to patient to assist in rehab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of physical agents

A

heat
cold
water
pressure
sound
electromagnetic radiation
electrical currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physical agents are primarily used to

A

reduce inflammation

accelerate healing

pain management
-inflammation, soft tissue, or bone injury
-unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
-modulate transmission

alter collagen extensibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

different points in history modalities were used

A

hot spring/steam room
-ancient greek romans
-msk/respiratory probs
-bouancy for joints

torpedo fish
-headache/gout
-45 volts

sunlight
-TB
-bone/joint disease

epsom salt
-sore/swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

role of modalities in therapy

A

physical agents should be used in conjunction with other skilled therapeutic interventions not the sole intervention

according to APTA 1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe reimbursement for physical agents

A

hot/cold no longer a separate reimbursement

not always billable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do we still learn modalities

A

APTA says that base entry knowledge should include use of physical agents such as cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, US, and thermotherapy as well as mechanical modalities such as compression therapies, traction, adn electrotherapeutic modalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 major categories of physical agents

A

thermal
mechanical
electromechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are thermal agents

A

transfer energy to a pt to increase/decrease temp

i.e. icepacks, hot pack, ultrasound, whirlpool, and diathermy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is cryotherapy

A

therapeutic application of cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is thermotherapy

A

therapeutic applicaiton of heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ultrasound

A

has thermal and non thermal effects

sound frequency grater than 20000 cycles/sec

mechanical form of energy composed of alternating compression and rarefaction waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do mechanical agents do

A

apply force to increase or decrease pressure on body

i.e. water, traction, compression, sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is hydrotherapy

A

water provides resistance, hydrostatic pressure, and bouyancy for ex or can apply pressure to clean wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is traction

A

decreases pressure between structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is compression

A

increase pressure between structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do electromagnetic agents do

A

apply energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or electric current

variation on frequency/intensity as well as depth of penetration

i.e. UV radiation, infared radiation, laser, diathermy, and electrical current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do lasers do

A

output monochromatic, coherent, directional electromagnetic radiation that is generally the frequency range of visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is short wave diathermy

A

produces heat in both superficial and deep tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is estim

A

use of electric current to induce muscle contraction, changes in sensation, reduce edema, or accelerate tissue healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which domain of the ICF model do modalities directly effect

A

body structures and functions

direct effect here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the steps to consider the use of therapeutic modalities

A

1- goals and effects of treatment
2 - contraindications/precautions
3- evidence for physical agent use
4- cost, convenience, and availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

other considerations for modalities use

A

medical dx
pt hx
subjective complaints
pt goals
previous intervention
pt preference and cultural consideration
contraindications and precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

differnece between contraindications and precautions

A

contra. = absolute

precautions = relative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are clinical practice guidelines

A

statements that interpret research and provide evidence based guidelines to guide decisions for appropriate health care

give recommendations for diagnostic and prognostic measures for preventative or therapeutic interventions for dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 pillars of evidence based practice

A

best available evidence

pt or client values/circumstances

clinical expertise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

goal for healing in relation to tissue repair

A

repair and restore function by eliminating pathology and replacing damaged tissue by promoting regeneration of normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PT considerations for rehab related to the healing process

A

what are the S&S

what physical agents are appropriate

what stage of healing (what are the timeframes/tissue type)

how can healing be modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the 3 stages of healing and their time frames

A

inflammation = 1-6 days post injury

proliferative/fibroblastic = 3-20 days

maturation/remodeling = 9 days on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

latin meaning of inflammation

A

inflamer

“to set fire”

32
Q

examples of precautions/contraindications

A

pregnancy
malignancy
pacemaker
impaired sensation
impaired mentation

33
Q

what is the purpose of the inflammatory phase

A

immediate protective response that attempts to destroy, dilute, or isolate the cells/agents that may be faulty

34
Q

causes of inflammatory phase

A

soft tissue trauma
fx
foreign bodies
autoimmune
microbial agents
chemical agents
thermal agents
irradiation

35
Q

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

calor - “heat”
rubor - “redness”
tumor - “swelling”
dolor - “pain”

36
Q

5th characteristic of inflammation

A

loss of function

37
Q

3 purposes of inflammatory phase

A

to form fibrin lattice that limits blood loss and provides some initial strength to wound

remove damaged tissue

recruit endothelial cells and fibroblasts

38
Q

phases of inflammation

A

physical insult
inflammation phase
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
clot formation
phagosytosis

39
Q

purpose of fibrin lattice

A

clot formation

limits blood loss

provides strength to wound

40
Q

what is hyperemia

A

increase blood flow to an area

vasodilaiton

results in increased temp adn redness

41
Q

what do histamines do

A

increase blood flow to an area (vasodilation)

increase vascular permeability

responsible for edema

42
Q

what is chemotaxis

A

migration of other cells to the inflamed area through the process chemical attraction/recruitment

i.e. cells like histamines release chemical to attract leukocytes

43
Q

what cells are involved in phagocytosis (removal of damaged tissue)

A

neutrophils

leukocytes

macrophages

44
Q

what do neutrophils do

A

first to arrive

early phases to clear debris

45
Q

what do leukocytes do

A

attracted by chemotaxis

clear injured site of debris to set stage of tissue repair

46
Q

what do macrophages do

A

specific leukocytes (monocytes) convert into macrophages as the exit from capillaries into the tissue space

involved in a wide range of activities including phagocytosis and synthesis of extracellular matrix

47
Q

macrophages cause fibroblasts to do what

A

adhere to fibrin and make collagen

48
Q

general goal for PT during inflammatory phase

A

decrease pain and swelling

improve PROM and AROM

49
Q

which modalities are recommended for inflammatory phase

A

cryotherapy

compression

Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate

50
Q

steps of proliferative phase

A

epithelialization = protective barrier to prevent fluid loss and risk of infection

collagen production

wound contracture

neovascularization = development of new blood vessels to area

51
Q

purpose of proliferative phase

A

cover wound and impart strength to injury site

52
Q

what is the marker that suggests a shift between inflammation to proliferation

A

shift from acute neutrophil cells infiltration and the replacement by longer term macrophages

53
Q

general PT goals for proliferative phase

A

main goal = improve ROM/function
decrease pain
increase circulation
decrease swelling
protect wound
promote appropriate collagen alignment and prevent contractures

54
Q

ultimate goal of maturation phase

A

restoration of the prior function of the injury site

return to activity

55
Q

maturation phase is characterized by what

A

changes in size, form, and strength of the scar tissue

fiber orientation and collagen synthesis vs lysisase

56
Q

some goals during maturation

A

return to activity
increase ROM
increase strength
decrease pain
increase circulation

57
Q

3 phases of maturation

A

collagen synthesis/lysis balance
collagen fiber orientation
healed injury

58
Q

normal time frame for subacute inflammation

A

4+ weeks is normal

59
Q

normal acute inflammatory phase lasts no longer than

A

2 weeks

60
Q

timeframe to be considered chronic inflammation

A

lasts months to years

continues as part of maturation phase (simultaneous collagen tissue destruction and healing)

61
Q

2 methods of chronic inflammation

A

cumulative trauma or interference with normal healing

immune response to foreign material or result of an autoimmune disease

62
Q

why does chronic inflammation cause increased scar tissue and adhesion formation

A

due to increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen production

63
Q

local factors that affect healing process

A

type/size/location of injury

infection

vascular supply

64
Q

external factors that affect healing process

A

movement

application of physical agents

65
Q

systemic factors that affect healing process

A

age
disease
meds
nutrition

66
Q

what to do in the inflammatory phase for tendons/ligaments

A

PRICE

67
Q

what to do in the proliferation phase for tendons/ligaments

A

immobilization vs early controlled forces for tendons

collagen fibers > random alignment > organized

68
Q

what to do in the maturation phase for tendons/ligaments

A

physiological loading important (promotes realignment)

recover full, normal ROM after injury/surgery

normal strength = 40-50 wks post op

69
Q

PT considerations for cartilage in adolescents

A

some capacity to heal

70
Q

PT considerations for cartilage in adults

A

limited ability to heal

helaing occurs by development of fibrous scar tissue to not at all

cartilage with bone injury can form granulation tissue that acts like articular cartilage

71
Q

how well does skeletal muscle heal

A

regenerates well

restoration/function depends on injury

72
Q

how to contusions/strains heal

A

follow general stages of healing

73
Q

how do severe infections heal with skeletal muscle

A

muscle fibers are destroyed

74
Q

how do transections of muscles heal

A

muscle fiber may regenerate

growth from undamaged fibers or development of new fibers

75
Q

four distinct stages of bone healing

A

inflammatory

repair/proliferation (soft callous then hard callous)

bone remodeling

76
Q

when do soft callouses form

A

begins when pain and swelling subside

increase in vascularity

hemotoma becomes organized with fibrous tissue cartilage and bone formaiton

77
Q

when do hard callouses form

A

begins when bony fragments are united by fibrous tissue

Modalities (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions