MND

Question 1

What is MND?

Answer 1

Progressive paralysis due to loss of motor neurones.

Question 2

MND has sensory involvement

Answer 2

False

Question 3

MND is idiopathic

Answer 3

True. Note: glutamate excitotoxicity plays an important role and there is associated chromosome 4 abnormality.

Question 4

What precipitates MND?

Answer 4

Viral infections, toxins and trauma.

Question 5

Sclerosis is greater at the higher levels than the lower levels

Answer 5

False. Greater at the lower levels

Question 6

Destruction of which cells leads to LMN disease?

Answer 6

Anterior Horn cells.

Question 7

Sclerosis of the lateral and anterior columns occur.

Answer 7

False, only the lateral coloumns

Question 8

Anterio horn & Motor Nuclei of brain stem cell destruction leads to LMN signs ?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Corticobulbar tract destruction leads to UMN lesion signs.

Answer 9

True, increased gag reflex, small tight tonge sticking out.

Question 10

Pseudobulbar palsy is caused by destruction of motor neuron nuclei of brainstem.

Answer 10

False, Bulbar palsy

Question 11

Pseudobulbar palsy is caused Corticobulbar tract destruction.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Progressive muscle Atrophy (LMN) has a better prognosis than ALS

Answer 12

True (ALS = UMN & LMN)

Question 13

Common Problems (signs) of MND include; Muscle atrophy & muscle weakness.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Common Problems (signs) of MND include Respiratory and bulbar function problems.

Answer 14

True

Question 14

Common Problems (signs) of MND include Decreased muscle tone.

Answer 14

True, though increases may also be present depending on site of damage.

Question 15

Prognosis of MND is good.

Answer 15

False, it is a life limiting disease with little life lengthening treatment and no cure and is degrative.

Question 16

Symptoms of MND start Symmetrically

Answer 16

Flas start asymmetrically and progress to a symmetrical bilateral pattern.

Question 17

Common Problems (signs) of MND include; Bladder dysfucntion

Answer 17

False, no bladder and bowel dysfunction