Heart Sounds Flashcards
Where do you hear the closing of the aortic valve?
Right 2nd intercostal space (directly next to sternum)
Where do you hear the closing of the Pulmonary valve?
Left 2nd intercostal space (directly next to sternum)
Where do you hear the closing of the tricuspid valve?
In between the 4th and 5th left rib (directly next to sternum)
Where do you hear the closing of the mitral valve?
In between the 5th and 6th left rib, near the mid clavicular line
When blood fills relaxed ventricles what is this known as?
Diastole (occurs between S2 and S1)
What is the first heart sound? (S1)
louder and longer “lubb,” occurs with closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
What is it called when ventricles contract and pushes blood out?
Systole (occurs between S1 and S2)
What makes the second heart sound? (S2)
closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), short sharp “dub sound”
When does S2 sound split into two sounds? Why?
During inspiration. Diaphragm lower -> brings more venous blood to right atrium and ventricle -> takes longer for right ventricle to squeeze blood into pulmonary artery -> longer for pulmonary valve to close (heard slightly after aortic valve)
What makes the sound S3?
During early diastole. The AV valves are open and blood flows into ventricles. If a lot of blood enters it bounces off walls causing them to vibrate. “Dub Ta”
When is S3 normal and abnormal?
Normal: pregnant and trained athletes Abnormal: congestive heart failure (too much volume into the ventricles)
What makes the S4 heart sound?
Atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle …Caused by concentric hypertrophy or a previous MI. .”Ta Lub Dub”
What is S4 a sign of? What causes it?
Pressure overload and/or severe hypertension
What are heart murmurs?
abnormal heart sounds produced by abnormal/turbulent blood flow in the heart
How are heart murmurs graded? How is each grade described?
Grade 1-6, based on volume of murmur and ease of finding sound (1-slightest, 2/3 - moderate with thrills, 5/6 - heard w/o stethoscope)
