Unit 1: CV System Part A

Question 1

What are the 3 key functions of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

1. Transport of material ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use
2. Transport of material BETWEEN CELLS within the body
3. Transport of material FROM CELLS to SITES of ELIMINATION

Question 2

Which 3 materials are ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use?

Answer 2

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water

Question 3

Which 5 materials are moved BETWEEN CELLS within the body?

Answer 3

1. Hormones
2. Antibodies
3. Platelets & Clotting proteins
4. Immune cells (leukocytes)
5. Stored nutrients (e.g. glucose from liver & fatty acids from adipose tissue)

Question 4

Which 3 materials are transported from cells to sites of elimination (AKA materials leaving the body)?

Answer 4

1. Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin)
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Heat

Question 5

Describe the pathway for materials entering the body

Answer 5

1. Nutrients (intestinal tract –> all cells)
2. Oxygen (lungs –> all cells)
3. Water (intestinal tract –> all cells)

Question 6

Describe the pathway for materials moved from cell to cell

Answer 6

1. Hormones (endocrine cells –> target cells)
2. Antibodies, platelets & clotting proteins, & immune cells (leukocytes) (present in blood continuously –> available to any cell that needs them)
3. Stored nutrients (liver & adipose tissue –> all cells)

Question 7

Describe the pathway for materials leaving the body

Answer 7

1. Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin) (all cells –> kidneys)
2. Carbon dioxide (all cells –> lungs)
3. Heat (all cells –> skin)

Question 8

What are the 3 key structural components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

1. Heart
2. Vasculature (blood vessels)
3. Blood

Question 9

Heart

Answer 9

Hydraulic pump that creates a pressure gradient.

Question 10

Vasculature

Answer 10

i. Closed (blood always carried in vessels)

ii. Dual circuit that allows unidirectional blood flow
1) Pulmonary circulation
2) Systemic circulation

Question 11

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 11

low pressure, low resistance
vessels that carry blood to and from lungs

Question 12

Systemic circulation

Answer 12

high pressure, high resistance
vessels that carry blood to the remaining organs

Question 13

Blood

Answer 13

transport medium consisting of plasma and cells

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

carry blood away from the heart

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

carry blood towards the heart

Question 16

Explain why not all arteries carry oxygenated blood

Answer 16

ARTERIES of the pulmonary circulation carry DEoxygenated blood (less O2 content), & VEINS of the pulmonary circulation carry OXYgenated blood (more O2 content)

Question 17

Describe the pathway of Pulmonary circulation:

Answer 17

Right ventricle –> pulmonary
arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries in lungs (where
exchange takes place) –> venules –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium

Question 18

Describe the pathway of Systemic circulation:

Answer 18

Left ventricle –> aorta –> ascending
arteries and abdominal aorta –> systemic arteries (e.g.
carotid arteries, hepatic arteries, renal arteries, etc.) –>
capillaries –> venules –> systemic veins (e.g. jugular vein, hepatic vein, renal vein, etc.) –> superior or inferior vena cava –> right atrium

Question 19

microcirculation

Answer 19

Within each organ, the arterioles, capillary beds and
venules form..