- fibrous joints - cartilaginous joints - synovial joints

- syndesmosis - suture - gomphosis

- sthenic (most common) - hyposthenic/asthenic - hypersthenic (least common)

Chapter 1 Flashcards by Jennifer Sanchez

Anatomy is the study, classification, and description of

The structure and organs of the human body

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Physiology is the science that deals with

The functions of the living organisms and it’s parts

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Osteology

Study of bones

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Arthrology

Study of joints

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Axial skeleton

80 bones. Skull, ribs, vertebrae.

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Appendicular skeleton

126 bones. Scapula, clavicle, arms, legs, pelvis

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4 classifications of bones

Long, short, flat, and irregular

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Long bones

Upper arm, forearm, femur, tib/fib

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Short bones

Wrist, foot, carpals, tarsals

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Irregular bones

Vertebrae

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Flat bones

Skull, scapula, sternum

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Functional joints, determined by mobility of joint

SAD
- synarthrosis
- amphiarthrosis
- diarthrosis

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Structural joints

fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints

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Fibrous joints

syndesmosis
suture
gomphosis

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Cartilaginous joints

symphysis
synchondrosis

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Synovial joints

Also have synovial capsule, different movement

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Syndesmoses are fibrous articulations held together by

Interosseous ligaments. SLIGHTLY moveable. Little ligaments between bones. Amphiarthrodial

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Sutures are immovable joints found in the

Skull; make ligaments make contacts with teeth like projections. Synarthroidal

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Gomphosis have

Limited movement/teeth. Amphiarthrodial

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Symphyses joints are a broad flattened disk of fibrocartilage

Between two bony surfaces. Pubic, intervertebral discs

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Synchondrosis is a temporary joint where

Hyaline cartilage turns into bone. Long bones and growth plates have these

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Synovial joints are freely moveable with a fibrous (joint) capsule, are generally

Diarthrodial. Mostly found in upper and lower limbs and reinforced by ligaments

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Movements of synovial joints

plane (gliding)
ginglymus (hinge)
pivot (trochoid)
ellipsoid (condylar)
saddle (sellar)
ball & socket (spheroidal)
bicondylar

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Body habitus

sthenic (most common)
hyposthenic/asthenic
hypersthenic (least common)

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Axial (horizontal) plane is a

Transverse plane that divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

Longitudinal sections

Sagittal, coronal, oblique

Base plane of the skull is a transverse plane connecting

The bottom of the orbit to the top of the EAM

Occlusal plane of the skull is a horizontal plane formed by the

Biting surface of the teeth with jaw closed

Anterior or ventral

AnVe- front half of patient in anatomical position

Posterior or dorsal

PoDo- back half of patient in anatomical position.

Dorsum pedis

Top of foot, anterior or ventral

Plantar surface of foot

Bottom of foot, posterior or dorsal

Radiographic positions

- PA - AP - PA oblique - AP oblique - mediolateral - lateromedial

Mediolateral projection, CR enters the

Medial aspect and exits the lateral

Lateromedial projection, the CR enters the

Lateral aspect of the part and exits medially

Supine

Laying on back, facing upwards

Prone

Laying on abdomen facing downwards

Erect

Upright to stand or sit erect

Recumbent

Lying down in any position. - dorsal recumbent (supine) - ventral recumbent (prone) - lateral recumbent (lying on side)

Trendelenburg

Head lower than feet

Fowler

Head higher than feet

Sims

Recumbent oblique position. Patient on left anterior side, right knee flexed, left arm behind back

Lithotomy position

OBGYN stirrups

Lateral recumbent is labeled based on

Whatever side is on the table

Lateral position is a side view that is determined by the side

Closest to the IR, or which side the CR exits

Left or right posterior oblique positions of the torso (LPO or RPO)

Labeled by which side is closed to the IR

Left or right anterior oblique positions of torso (LAO or RAO)

Labeled based on which anterior part of the body is facing/closest to the IR

Decubitus

Body on horizontal surface and CR is horizontal

Right or left lateral decub is labeled by

Side down. CR can enter AP or PA

Dorsal decub

Lying on the back, L or R lateral labeled by side closest to IR

Ventral decub

Lying on stomach, L or R lateral labeled by side closest to IR

Axial projection

Inferosuperior axial projection and superoinferior axial projection

Tangential projection, CR touches a curve/surface only at one point and

Demonstrates part of anatomy without superimposition of another part of anatomy

Cephalad (cephalic)

Towards the head

Caudad (caudal)

Towards the feet

Internal (interior)

Nearer to the center

External (exterior)

Away from the center

Superficial

Nearer the skin surface

Deep

Away from skin, father into the body

Ipsilateral

Same side of body

Contralateral

Opposite side of body

Flexion

Decreases angle of a joint

Extension

Straightening of a joint

Ulnar deviation

Turn/bend the hand/wrist towards ulnar side

Radial deviation

Turn/bend hand/wrist towards the radial side

Dorsiflexion

Decrease the angle at the top of the foot. Toes pointing to the sky

Plantar flexion

Extend joint ankle.

Eversion

Outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint

Inversion

Inward stress movement of the ankle without rotation of the foot

Valgus

Abnormal position of a body part away from the midline of the body

Varus

Abnormal position of a body part forced towards the midline of the body

Internal (medial) rotation

Turning of anterior body part towards the medial plane

External (lateral) rotation

Anterior part away from medial plane

Abduction

Movement of arm or leg away from midline of the body

Adduction

Movement of arm or leg towards the midline of the body

Rotation turns/rotates the body part on its axis but tilt is a slanting

Movement with respect to the long axis

Position indicates patients general physical position and

Specific body positions such as oblique and lateral

Projection is the correct positioning term that describes or refers to a path or

Direction of the CR, projecting the image onto the IR

View is the discussion of a

Radiograph or image (not a correct positioning term)

Images should have these 2 markers minimum

- patient identification & date - anatomical side marker

Minimum of 3 projections when imaging joints

- usually AP or PA, oblique, or lateral - due to multiple surfaces & angles of the bones of the joint

Topographic landmarks are bony projections of the body that a radiographer must

Palpate to determine where organs and structures of the body are located

Palpation

Applying light pressure to the patient with fingertips, always inform patient and why

Portrait

Lengthwise

Landscape

Crosswise

Decub images are placed

Horizontally with the patients side up facing up

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(86 cards)