Water case studies Flashcards
1
Q
brazil 2014 drought cause
A
blocking anticyclone/high pressure system diverted rain bearing winds north, so dry air remained over brazil
2
Q
brazil 2014 drought impacts
A
- reservoir depletion, some to 1% capacity
- water rationing for 4 million
- overabstraction
- water supplies cut off for 3 days a week in some towns
3
Q
drought pantanal causes
A
logging - reduced evapotranspiration
relief - hills cause water to back up
CO2 emissions
4
Q
drought pantanal impacts
A
- lost 58% vegetation
- wildfires spread easily
- forest stress - younger trees died
5
Q
aus ‘big dry’ 1996 causes
A
- Murray-Darling basin under pressure - home to 2million, also 40% of agricultural produce from here
- urbanisation - 90% in cities
- deforestation - 50% forest cleared in 200 years
6
Q
aus ‘big dry’ 1996 impacts
A
- water bills rose 20%
- mangrove dieback
- food prices rose
- increase in fossil fuels as HEP reduces
7
Q
cumbria 2015 flood causes
A
- overgrazing sheep meant bare slopes replaced forests
- channels dredged and straightened
- urbanisation
- poor management
8
Q
cumbria 2015 flood impacts
A
- 5200 homes flooded
- cost £500million
- soils and river bank eroded
9
Q
pakistan floods 2022 causes
A
- monsoon rain
- Sindh province received 784% more rain than august average
- deforestation
- unregulated construction in flood zones
10
Q
pakistan floods 2022 impacts
A
- 4 mil acres of farmland destroyed
- 70% of crops destroyed
- 1730 died
11
Q
causes of water insecurity
A
- climate variability - California drought
- sea water encroachment - Mediterranean
- overabstraction - asia 10000m3 per capita 1950 to 3700m3 2010
- water contamination - north america agricultural runoff
- industrial water pollution - billion gallons of raw sewage in Ganges each day
12
Q
kibera, kenya water insecurity
A
- walking 4 hours to collect water
- excrement leaching into water supply
- normal for 10/26 children to be absent from school
