Chapter 7

Question 1

Surveys

Answer 1

Research that uses polling methods (questionnaires) to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perception among large groups of people. Cross-sectional.

Question 2

kinds of surveys

Answer 2

• Online surveys
• Telephone surveys
• Written surveys: postal or face to face
• Panel surveys: large group are asked about a variety of subjects

Question 3

Secondary analysis

Answer 3

Using existing data for new analysis that has a different main question.

Question 4

Pro’s secondary analysis

Answer 4

• Saves time
• Financial advantages
• Availability of the data
• Usability

Question 5

Cons secondary analysis

Answer 5

• Don’t have any control
• Questionnaires have been completed
• Errors may have occurred
• May have to adjust the main question

Question 6

Big data research

Answer 6

Secondary analysis of exceptionally large datasets.

Question 7

Meta-analysis

Answer 7

Numerical comparison of a large number of files on the same subject, with the results being re-analyzed. In-depth and extensive.

Question 8

Systematic review

Answer 8

Research into original studies about the subject of your research. Finding existing research papers

Question 9

Experiment

Answer 9

An experiment whereby variable are tested on subjects in a situation that may or may not be controlled so that the effect can be measured.

Question 10

Variables

Answer 10

The characteristics of the unit that you are assessing in your research that may have different values each time.

Question 11

Effect measurement

Answer 11

An inherent characteristic of experiments (cause-effect relationship).

Question 12

Causal relationship/cause-effect

Answer 12

Relationship of studying and exam results. You measure the effect that X has on Y.

Question 13

Laboratory or unbiased experiment

Answer 13

Experiment in which test subjects can be controlled as far as possible, free from outside interference.

Question 14

Quasi/field experiment

Answer 14

Experiments that use existing situations.

Question 15

Experimental condition

Answer 15

Exposure to the experiment.

Question 16

Experimental group

Answer 16

Group that is exposed to the experimental variable.

Question 17

Control condition

Answer 17

Condition whereby the group is not subjected to the experiment.

Question 18

Control group

Answer 18

Group that is not exposed to the experimental variable.

Question 19

Placebo

Answer 19

A pill or test that does not contain the ‘active ingredient’.

Question 20

Subjects

Answer 20

Participants in experimental research.

Question 21

Randomization

Answer 21

Random assignment of subjects to an experimental or a control group.

Question 22

Pretest/baseline measurement

Answer 22

Measurement preceding the experiment.

Question 23

Posttest

Answer 23

The measurement that takes places after the experiment.

Question 24

Placebo effect

Answer 24

Subjects who are not given the active ingredient, but believe that they can notice a difference, suffer from the placebo effect.

Question 25

Double-blind experiment

Answer 25

Experiment in which nether test persons nor researchers know who ends up in the research or control group.

Question 26

Three variations of laboratory experiments

Answer 26

1. control group, post testing: subjects are assigned randomly to one of the 2 groups, afterwards, the effect is measured, it is only subjected to a post test
2. control group, pre- and post-testing: same as 1, but also a prior test.
3. Solomon four group design: two groups are pre-tested, and 2 groups are not. And there are 2 control group.

Question 27

Four field variations of field experiments

Answer 27

1. One group, post-test: basic
2. One group, pre- and post-testing: with pretesting
3. Two groups, pre and post-testing: one class with humour, other one not.
4. Several measurements: time series: expansion od the pre- and post testing of one group. During field experiments, the design is exposed to outside influences. To take this in account, many measurements are taken.

Question 28

Monitor (list

Answer 28

• Time play a crucial role in analysis. In a monitor data collected at different points in time is market out. Developments can be observed and recorded.
• The same instrument is used to measure the same phenomena in the same way. The research is repeated as it were. This enhances the reliability of the result .

Question 29

Triangulation (list

Answer 29

• Monitors and secondary analysis
• Experiment and survey
• Surveys and interviews

Question 30

Panel survey

Answer 30

A survey done on a regular basis about various subjects and using a panel of people who have enrolled beforehand.

Question 31

Respondents

Answer 31

People who take part in surveys.

Question 32

Cross-sectional

Answer 32

Research in which information is collected once at a given point in time.

Question 33

Test effect

Answer 33

Research participants react differently because they are taking part in research.

Question 34

Matching

Answer 34

Making experimental groups comparable for certain attributes.