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Clinical nutrition > Nutritional assessment part 1 > Flashcards

Nutritional assessment part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of nutritional assessment

A

Anthropometry + body composition
Biochemical
Clinical
Dietary
Enviromental
Functional

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2
Q

Nutritional status

A

the condition of the body’s nutrient stores as a result of the intake, absorption, and metabolism of energy and nutrients, and the influence of physiological needs and disease-related factors

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3
Q

Nutritional risk

A

nutrition related problems

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4
Q

Screening

A

process of indentifying chracteristics known to be associated with nutritional problems

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5
Q

Assessment

A

a systematic method for obtaining, verifying and interpreting data needed to determine nutritional status, nutrion-related problems, their causes and signifiance

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6
Q

Nutritional screening - components

A
  • involuntary weight loss
  • dietary intake (if they loss the appetite)
  • pre-existing condition causing nutrient loss (diarrhea, malabsorption)
  • conditions that increase nutrient requirement (inflammation fever, burn, injury)
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7
Q

Goals for nutritional assessment

A
  • indentify needing nutritonal support
  • to use as a baseline for monitoring and evaluating the response to our nutritional intervention plan
    for : disease prevention and management, identify specific deficiencies and or overall malnutriton
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8
Q

why do we assess?

A

malnutriton is associated with increases : morbodity, mortality, hospital lenght of stay, use of health care and cost

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9
Q

how much malnutriton affects the hospitalized patients

A

50%

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10
Q

Evaluation/ interpretation of assessment

A

clinical data ( physical signs and changes)
dietary data (DRIs, Canadian Food Guide, and USDA food pyramid)
functional data
subjetcive vs objective data

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11
Q

In a development of nutritional deficiency, how many stages there are? what are the first and last ones

A

there are 8 stages.
The first is dietary inadequacy, decrease of tissue and the last ones are clinical symptoms and anatomical signs

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12
Q

What anthropometry means

A

measurement of body size, weight and proportions

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13
Q

what are the 2 parts of body composition

A

fat
fat free mass

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14
Q

with what object do we measure height standing

A

standiometer

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15
Q

if a person is unable to stand how do we measure its height

A

knee height in their bed (90 degrees)
There is also arm span

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16
Q

body weight

A
  • sum of all components at each level of body composition
  • using standing, chair or bed scales
  • min clothes and no shoes
  • timing and hydration changes
  • body weight does not mean body composition
  • consider amputation
17
Q

BMI
equation

A

BMI = weight (kg)/ height^2 (m^2)

18
Q

BMI SCALES
- underweight
healthy
overweight
obesity 1
obesity 2
obesity 3

A

<18.5 under
18.5-24.9 healthy
25-29.9 overweight
30-34.9 obesity 1
35-39.9 obesity 2
>40 obesity 3

19
Q

For older people the BMI changes. What is their healthy BMI

A

24-29

20
Q

What is the limitation of the BMI

A

don’t measure the body composition
varies in relation to age sex and ethnicity
limited applicability in athletes
must be accompanied by another measure (waist circumference)

21
Q

Weight assessment: % usual body weight (UBW)
equation

A

%UBW = (current weight/usual weight BW) x 100

22
Q

weight assessment : % weight change

A

% change = (UBW - current weight )/ UBW x 100

23
Q

What is a significance loss and a severe loss of weight in % in a time interval of 3 months and 6 months

A

3 months: 7.5% (significant loss) and >7.5% (severe loss)

6 months 10% (significant) and >10% (severe)

24
Q

Involuntary weight loss means

A

loss of fat and fat-free mass and it can predict mortality, malnutriton etx

25
Q

Skinfold thickness indicates

A

subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is used in the biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac

26
Q

Body circumferences and areas

  • MAC : Mid-upper arm circonference
  • MAMC : mid-upper arm muscle circumference
    MAMA: mid-upper arm mucle area
    cMAMA : corrected mid-upper arm muscle area
    MAFA: mid-upper arm fat area
A

MAC : reflects muscle, bone, and subcutaneous fat not sensitive to muscle changes

MAMC: corrects subcutaneous fat

MAMA : reflects total body muscle mass, but insensitive to small changes in muscle. Less valid in elderly or obese than younger and healthier weight

cMAMA :only muscle no bone

Mafa : reflects sub-cutaneous adipose tissue stores. A better indicator of total body fat than a single skinfold measurement

27
Q

Body circumference and areas of MAMA and MAFA, what are the percentile rank for muscle/fat deficit, below average,average and above average

A

MAMA AND MAFA
< 5 - deficit
5.1-15 below average
15.1-85 : average
>85 : above average

28
Q

waist circumferences

A

reflects abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat stores. Measures circumference.

more than 102 cm in men and more than 88 cm in = abdominal obesity women

29
Q

true or false
high BMI and low waist circumference - low risk for cardiovascular disease

A

true

30
Q

waist : hip ratio

A

estimates distribution of abdominal adipose and muscle tissue

31
Q

Bioelectrical impedance

A

low electrical charge that goes in your body and estimated fat mass, fat free mass and total body water.
It is rapid and non invasive

32
Q

what is the limitation of bioelectrical impedance

A
  • influenced by hydration status
  • less precise in atypical bodies
33
Q

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

A

Imaging technique, based on attenuation of radiation from diff tissue densities. It will measure bone, soft lean and fat tissues.
good for bone density

34
Q

what is the limitation of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

A

expensive
min exposure to radiation
assumes normal hydration status.

35
Q

Air displacement (BOD POD)

A

total body volume measured by air displacement in a chamber. Based on fat and lean tissue density

36
Q

Limitation of air displacement

A

access to instruments,
expensive
residua lung volume must be measured

Clinical nutrition (11 decks)

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