Unit 5: Manifest Destiny/Sectionalism/Reconstruction

Question 1

Manifest Destiny

Answer 1

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent. Inspired Westward Expansion

Question 2

54’40’ or Fight

Answer 2

Slogan used to gain support to get the full land of the Oregon territory from Britain. It didn’t work

Question 3

Annexation of Texas

Answer 3

US Citizens moved into Texas, but rebelled against the Mexican government when they wouldn’t allow slavery

Question 4

Mexican-American War

Answer 4

Conflict between Mexico and the US. Considered the first “unnecessary” war. The US won and gained much of the southwestern United States

Question 5

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 5

Additional purchase that “cleaned up” the borders of land acquired from Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question 6

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 6

Senate bill that thought the Mex-Am. War lands should ban slavery. Never passes

Question 7

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 7

Treaty following the end of the Mexican American war that gave the US land in NM, NV, CO, TX, CA, AZ, UT

Question 8

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 8

Decision to determine the Free vs. Slave status of Kansas and Nebraska by Popular Sovereignty. Overturned the compromise of 1820

Question 9

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 9

“Majority Rules”. The concept that power is held by the popular decision in an area

Question 10

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 10

The conflict that arose in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Popular Sovereignty caused bloody battles between Pro and Anti slavery advocates

Question 11

Dred Scott V. Sandford

Answer 11

When an enslaved man was taken to a free territory he attempted to sue for his freedom. The court ruled against him and stated that, since slaves are property, there’s nothing the federal government can do anywhere in the country

Question 12

Harper’s Ferry

Answer 12

Raid by John Brown in an attempt to start a slave rebellion in W. Virginia

Question 13

Compromise of 1850

Answer 13

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Question 14

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 14

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

Question 15

Gag Rule (1836-1846)

Answer 15

Banned any discussion of slavery in Congress

Question 16

Southern Economy

Answer 16

Focus on Cash Crops and Slave Labor. Almost no Industrialization

Question 17

Northern Economy

Answer 17

Manufacturing and trade. Many cities with factories.

Question 18

Confederacy

Answer 18

Group of Southern states that fought against the North in support of slavery

Question 19

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 19

Document written by Lincoln that freed all slaves in areas “in rebellion” against the US

Question 20

Habeas Corpus

Answer 20

If you’re arrested they have to tell you why. Suspended during the Civil War by Lincoln

Question 21

Border States

Answer 21

States that supported slavery but didn’t secede from the Union. Important buffer for the North

Question 22

Union

Answer 22

Northern states that fought the Confederacy. Originally just bc they were in rebellion, but eventually they fought to end slavery

Question 23

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 23

Key turning point in the Civil War

Question 24

Appomattox Court House

Answer 24

Location of the Confederate surrender

Question 25

13th Amendment

Answer 25

Abolished slavery in the United States

Question 26

14th Amendment

Answer 26

States that all those born in America are by default US citizens and receive all rights guaranteed

Question 27

15th Amendment

Answer 27

The right to vote can not be taken away by “Race, Color, or Previous condition” (gender still works though)

Question 28

10% Plan

Answer 28

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction. 10% of a Confederate State’s population would swear a loyalty oath to be readmitted

Question 29

Radical Republicans

Answer 29

A group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought the federal government should do more to help out with Reconstruction

Question 30

Jim Crow Laws/Black Codes

Answer 30

Laws intended to keep blacks segregated and treated poorly after the Civil War. Included provisions to make separate drinking fountains, schools, restaurants, etc.

Question 31

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 31

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing and helped them get jobs

Question 32

Sharecropping

Answer 32

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Question 33

Segregation

Answer 33

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Question 34

Andrew Johnson

Answer 34

17th President of the United States. Took over after Lincoln’s assassination. Extremely unpopular due to his opinions on reconstruction. Impeached but avoided conviction by one vote

Question 35

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 35

Harsher plan for Reconstruction. Required 50% of “loyal” southerners to sign an oath of allegiance.

Question 36

Ku-Klux-Klan

Answer 36

Gang of former confederates who used intimidation and terrorism to remove the rights of African Americans

Question 37

Scallywags

Answer 37

Southerners who welcomed northerners to gain favor and political power

Question 38

Carpetbaggers

Answer 38

Northerners who moved south to profit off of Reconstruction

Question 39

Congressional Reconstruction

Answer 39

Reconstruction plan that split the south into multiple “Military Districts” that were overseen by Northern generals

Question 40

Force Act

Answer 40

Allowed the use of military force against any who tried to limit the rights of African Americans