Diuretics Flashcards

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1
Q

4 types of diuretics

A

loop diuretics
thiazides
potassium sparing
aldosterone antagonist

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2
Q

Where do diuretics act

A

Loop = LOH
thiazides = DCT
K+ sparing = CD
Aldosterone antagonist = CD

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3
Q

Thiazide/thiazide like diuretics

A

Bendroflumethiazide
Indapamide

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4
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Bumetanide, furosemide

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5
Q

K+ sparing

A

Amiloride

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6
Q

Aldosterone antagonist (also K+ sparing)

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

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7
Q

4 other forms of diuretics

A

CA inhibitors
Osmotic agents (mannitol)
SGLT2 inhibitors
ADH antagonists

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8
Q

2 ADH antagonists/aquaretics

A

Tolvaptan
Lithium

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9
Q

Drinks that cause diuresis

A

Alcohol - inhibits ADH release

Caffeine- Increased GFR and decrease tubular Na+ reaborption

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10
Q

Management of chronic heart failure

A

Diuretics (furosemide)
With HfRf = ACEi or if not tolerated can give ARB
With HfPf = manage comorbidities and exercise

MRA if symptoms continue (spironolactone)

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11
Q

Symptoms persist after first line treatments in chronic heart failure

A

Digoxin with heart failure with sinus rhythm

Hydralazine and nitrate if African-Caribbean descent

Ivabradine for sinus rhythm with HR >75 with ejection fraction <35%

Replace ACEi or ARB with sacubitril valsartan if ejection fraction <35%

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12
Q

Acute heart failure treatment

A

IV nitrates, sympathomimetic inotropes

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13
Q

How does neurohormonal activation make heart failure worse

A

-Compromised cardiac function
-Decreased MAP
-Baroreceptor reflex
-Increased sympathetic outflow
-Vasoconstriction
-Increased after load
-Increased myocardial O2 demand
-Worsening HF

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