Unit 4 (chapter 11)

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

height of a wave, same from baseline to trough or crest, the higher the wave, the greater the intensity of light

Question 2

atomic line spectrum/bright line spectrum

Answer 2

“fingerprint of element”, colors that are emitted from element

Question 3

aufbau principle

Answer 3

electrons are “built up” in an atom from orbitals of lowest energy to orbitals of highest energy, ground state configuration

Question 4

continuous

Answer 4

going on without stopping

Question 5

core electrons

Answer 5

the electrons in the inner shells of an atom; these electrons are not involved in forming bonds (all electrons that aren’t valence electrons)

Question 6

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 6

form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space, moves at speed of light

Question 7

electron configuration

Answer 7

shorthand designation of the number of electrons in each subshell

Question 8

electron spin

Answer 8

a property of the electron that makes it behave as though it were a tiny magnet. The electron behaves as if it were spinning on its axis; electron spin is quantized. Two electrons must spin in opposite directions

Question 9

excited state

Answer 9

when an atom absorbs energy, its electrons move to a higher energy level, as higher potential energy than in ground state

Question 10

frequency

Answer 10

the number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit of time. Measured in cycles per second (Hz) (v “nu”)

Question 11

ground state

Answer 11

the lowest energy state of an atom

Question 12

hund’s rule

Answer 12

when there is more than one orbital in the same subshell, electrons do not pair until all orbitals of the same energy have 1 electron “the buffet rule”

Question 13

orbital

Answer 13

a representation of the space occupied by an electron in an atom; the probability distribution for the electron

Question 14

Orbital diagram

Answer 14

Uses lines or boxes to indicate orbitals and arrows to indicate electrons

Question 15

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 15

Two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins, only two can fit in one orbital

Question 16

Photoelectric effect

Answer 16

refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal, einstein

Question 17

Photon

Answer 17

A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy

Question 18

Quantized

Answer 18

electrons can only exist at specific energy levels, separated by specific intervals

Question 19

quantum (plural, quanta)

Answer 19

the precise amount of energy possessed by a photon; the difference in energy between two atomic orbitals

Question 20

Quantum number

Answer 20

the number assigned to each orbit of an electron (n)

Question 21

Shell or energy level

Answer 21

quantized regions of increasing energy (around the nucleus) in which orbitals can be found

Question 22

Subshell or sublevel

Answer 22

s, p, d, f

Question 23

Valence electrons

Answer 23

Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

Question 24

Wavelength

Answer 24

Distance between similar points on 2 consecutive waves

Question 25

Wave mechanical model/quantum model

Answer 25

Modern model of the atom, atoms have electrons in “orbitals” that are like clouds around the nucleus

Question 26

Bohr’s model

Answer 26

Electrons are in energy levels orbiting nucleus, electrons have specific amounts of energy determined by their distance from the nucleus, evidence for this model includes line emission spectrum of hydrogen, electrons can move from one energy level to the next

Question 27

de Broglie

Answer 27

Scientist who suggested that all moving particles had a wave motion associated with them, proposed that light could as a wave and particle, electrons could act as standing waves therefore only certain wavelengths could fit

Question 28

Problems with Bohr’s model

Answer 28

Only works with H, fails to explain shape of molecules and chemical bonding

Question 29

Schrodinger

Answer 29

• Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom - uses probability in determining the location of electron but there are still places it can’t be

Question 30

Quantum model

Answer 30

Electrons are in orbitals within sublevels within energy levels, orbitals are regions where electrons have a 90% of being, electrons act as waves and particles, uses Schroedinger’s wave equation to predict where electrons may be, most modern model of atom (currently accepted model), electrons have specific amounts of energy determined their distance from the nucleus, electrons position can be represented by orbital diagram or electron configuration

Question 31

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 31

It is impossible to know the position of a particle and the velocity of the particle with certainty at the exact time

Question 32

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 32

radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x rays, and gamma rays

Question 33

Dark bands of hydrogen spectrum

Answer 33

energy not given off

Question 34

Bright lines of hydrogen spectrum

Answer 34

correspond to photons released

Question 35

wavelength unit

Answer 35

meters (m)

Question 36

frequency unit

Answer 36

Hertz (Hz)

Question 37

Planck’s constant unit

Answer 37

J x s

Question 38

Energy unit

Answer 38

Joules (J)

Question 39

relationship between wavelength and frequency

Answer 39

inverse

Question 40

Relationship between wavelength and energy

Answer 40

inverse

Question 41

Relationship between frequency and energy

Answer 41

direct

Question 42

the original nuclear model of the atom developed after the gold foil experiment in which some alpha particles rebounded at larges angles…

Answer 42

…does not account for the stability of the atom since accelerating electrons would not lose energy and fall into the nucleus