5.1

Question 1

Heisenberg

Answer 1

Scientist that determined that it is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle (electron) at the same time: uncertainty principle

Question 2

Bohr

Answer 2

Scientist that proposed that In an atom, electrons circle the nucleus in defined paths much like the planets circle the sun.

Question 3

nuclear force

Answer 3

The force that, if strong, results from a proper balance of protons and neutrons which allows the nucleus of an atom to maintain stability.

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

Ion with a positive charge (metals, left side)

Question 5

anion

Answer 5

Negative ions (elections are gained).

Question 6

electron

Answer 6

A tiny - charged particle which fills the outer volume of an atom; responsible for the formation of chemical bonds.

Question 7

neutron

Answer 7

A neutral particle within the nucleus which has a mass of 1 a.m.u.

Question 8

proton

Answer 8

A particle found in the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of +1, a mass = 1 a.m.u.

Question 9

Rutherford

Answer 9

The scientist that in 1911 used his gold foil experiment to discover the + charged nucleus of an atom; also, that atoms are mostly empty space.

Question 10

Thomson

Answer 10

Scientist that in 1897 discovered the electron with his experiment involving cathode rays; developed the “plum-pudding” model of the atom.

Question 11

John Dalton

Answer 11

(1803-1807) Created Modern Atomic Theory saying that all elements are made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms; All atoms of the same element are identical, chemical reactions rearrange atoms, and that compounds are made by combining atoms in simple whole number ratios.

Question 12

Democritus

Answer 12

(460-370 BC) Greek philosopher who developed a very basic atomic theory of matter by saying that all matter consists of tiny, indivisible particles.

Question 13

decay

Answer 13

The process during which a nucleus undergoes spontaneous change.

Question 14

mass number

Answer 14

The sum of the protons (+) and neutrons (0) in the nucleus of a single atom.

Question 15

isotope

Answer 15

Atoms or elements that have the same # of protons (+) in the nucleus, but different #’s of neutrons (0).

Question 16

orbit

Answer 16

The imaginary path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

atomic number

Answer 17

The number of protons (+) in the nucleus of an atom; unique to each different element.

Question 18

atomic mass unit

Answer 18

A mass equivalent to 1.661 x 10⁻²⁷ Kg; each proton and neutrons = 1 a.m.u.

Question 19

radioactivity

Answer 19

The process by which an atom spontaneously changes itself by emitting particles or energy- property of some element to break up and release energy.

Question 20

ion

Answer 20

An atom or a small molecule with an overall + or - charge as a result of an imbalance of protons (+) and electrons (-); caused by the loss or gain of electrons (-).

Question 21

nucleus

Answer 21

The tiny, dense core of an atom that contains all the protons and neutrons, measuring about 1/10,000 the diameter and 99.7% of the mass of an atom.

Question 22

diffraction grating

Answer 22

A special lens through which the light of electrified elemental gases passes through to create a unique spectrum of light.