FTIR Flashcards

1
Q

The amyloids cross-β-helical structure creates a peak in the x range.

A

The amyloids cross-β-helical structure creates a peak in the 1630-1615 cm−1 range

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2
Q

which differs from native β-sheet proteins with a wider peak in the x cm−1 range

A

which differs from native β-sheet proteins with a wider peak in the 1643-1630 cm−1 range

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3
Q

Antiparallel sheets present another low-intensity peak at x cm−1

A

Antiparallel sheets present another low-intensity peak at 1690 cm−1

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4
Q

Peaks at other wavenumbers than in the interval mentioned above can indicate x, z and y.

A

Peaks at other wavenumbers than in the interval mentioned above can indicate lipids, nucleic acid and carbohydrates

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5
Q

The fingerprint region, which is found in the range of wavenumbers below x cm−1 [Hunt, 2021], shows weak peaks that can be related to x

A

The fingerprint region, which is found in the range of wavenumbers below 1000 cm−1 [Hunt, 2021], shows weak peaks that can be related to nucleic acids, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and other nucleotides

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6
Q

ATR-FTIR bruges til at

A

Anvendes til at analysere bindinger i molekyler, og kan derfor benyttes til at undersøge proteiners sekundære struktur og identificere amyloidfibriller i en given prøve.

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7
Q

Hvordan virker FTIR ift. molekyler

A

Molecules absorb IR light at different wavelengths because of the different bonds and atoms present. Bond stretching, bending, and rotations create varying vibrational frequencies

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8
Q

hvordan hænger frekvens og stærke sekundær bindinger sammen.

A

Generelt stiger den nødvendige frekvens for at excitere en binding med stærkere sekundære proteinstrukturer

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9
Q

hvad skal man bruge til FTIR?
(4 ting)

A

Strålingskilde, en beam splitter, en detektor, og to spejle hhv. et mobilt spejl og et fastgjort spejl

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10
Q

Forklar konstruktiv interferens

A

Konstruktiv interferens opstår, når to - eller flere - bølger forstærker hinanden. Her danner summen af udsvingene et samlet udsving, der er større end de enkelte bølger hver for sig. Det kan ske, når to bølger følges ad bølgetop ved bølgetop - når de er i fase

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11
Q

Forklar destruktiv interferens

A

Bølger kan også modvirke hinanden. Når to bølger følges ad, men er forskudt en halv bølgelængde i forhold til hinanden vil den enes bølgetop være ud for den andens bølgedal - de er i modfase.

Hvis de også her har samme amplitude, vil deres udsving hele tiden være lige store, men i modsatte retninger. Resultatat bliver, at de udslukker hinanden helt - deres udsving udligner hinanden, så summen bliver nul.

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12
Q

Forklar intereferens

A

Interferens, fysisk fænomen, der viser sig ved, at overlappende bølger kan forstærke hinanden (konstruktiv interferens) eller udslukke hinanden (destruktiv interferens)

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13
Q

Forklar det med stråling og spejlende.

A

An IR source emits light onto a beam splitter which splits it into two. From here, one beam is reflected onto a fixed mirror and the other beam onto a moving mirror going at a constant velocity back and forth. The two IR beams are recombined at the beam splitter creating an interference pattern

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14
Q

Forklar ZPD

A

When the waves are in-phase and create constructive interference at zero path difference (ZPD), the amplitude is increased, which produces a strong signal referred to as centerburst

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15
Q

Forklar hvad der sker når lyset transmitteres til detektoren

A

Lyset transmitteres gennem prøven til detektoren. Et plot af intensiteterne (i spænding) som funktion af OPD producerer et interferogram. Signalet bruges derefter til at generere et absorbansspektrum som en funktion af bølgetal ved at anvende Fourier-transformationsfunktionen

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16
Q

The carbonyl group cause x vibrations creating an Amide I band in the x cm−1 region

A

The carbonyl group cause stretching vibrations creating an Amide I band in the 1680-1620 cm−1 region

17
Q

The Amide II band is primarily caused by x of the C-N and x of N-H bonds and creates a peak in the x cm−1 range

A

The Amide II band is primarily caused by stretching of the C-N and bending of N-H bonds and creates a peak in the 1560-1520 cm−1 range

18
Q

Hvorfor virker the evanescent field kun hvis der er krystal lavet af et optisk materiale med et højere refractive index end prøven man undersøger?

A

This evanescent effect only works if the crystal is made of an optical material with a higher refractive index than the sample being studied. Otherwise light is lost to the sample.

19
Q

Forklar hvad der sker i ATR

A

De to infrarøde dele er rekombineret ved stråledeleren, hvilket skaber et interferensmønster, der transmitteres gennem ATR-krystallen.
Prøven presses på krystallen, og infrarødt lys passerer igennem og interagerer med prøven. Lyset interagerer med prøven i det, der omtales som et “evanescent felt”.
Prøven absorberer den flygtige bølge, hvorefter detektoren indsamler informationen fra det reflekterede lys for at skabe et IR-absorptionsspektrum.