Evolution: second lecture Flashcards
Adaptation definition
Evolutionary changes that fit an organism to its habit or habitat
What are the forces that drive evolution
Mutation, drift, migration and selection
What does the Hardy-Weinburg equation describe
The genetic allele frequency in a population that is not evolving
What does the Hardy-Weinburg equation predict
The genotype and allele frequencies in one generation from the allele frequencies in the previous generation
What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinburg equation (4)
No selection, no mutation, large population, random mating
What’s the usefullness of the Hardy-Weinburg equation
It gives a null hypothesis
What forces disrupt the Hardy-Weinburg equation
Mutation, genetic drift, migration, natural selection
Natural selection definition
Differential survival and reproduction of individuals
What is the fitness equation
Probaility of survival x average number of offspring for a class of indinviduals
What is the maximum fitness
W= 1
What is the selection coefficient
The difference between W and 1
How do we know natural selection exists
Correlations between trait and environment
Responses to experimental change in the environment
Correlation between trait and fitness component
Problems with detecting selection (6)
-Consequences of physics and chemistry
-Genetic drift and spread traits
-Ancestral state (exaptation)
-Selection might not cause any change
-Selection might be working at the individual level
-Linkage
Types of linkage
Recombination
Linkage disequilibrium
Alleles hitchhiking
Whats a preadaptation
Feature that serves a new function
