3.2 Diuretics

Question 1

MOA of thiazides

Answer 1

inhibit NaCl cotransporter, water follows to urine

Question 2

adverse effects of thiazides

Answer 2

hyperuricaemia
hyperglycaemia
hypercalcaemia
hypokalaemia

Question 3

why can loop diuretics cause hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia?

Answer 3

more na reaches CD so more ENaC, so more ROMK

Question 4

contraindications for loop diuretics

Answer 4

hypokalaemia
hyponatraemia
gout

Question 5

action of amiloride

Answer 5

DCT blocks enac, so less k+ excretion

Question 6

contraindications to potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 6

addisons
anuria
hyperkalaemia

Question 7

drug interactions for potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 7

ACEi
ARB
other k+ sparing diuretics

Question 8

how does spironolactone cause gynaecomastia

Answer 8

increase conversion of peripheral testosterone to oestradiol
binds to androgen receptors of breast tissue, stimulates more tissue growth

Question 9

how do SGLT2 inhibitors work?

side effect

Answer 9

block SGLT2 in PCT, glucose and na stay in filtrate, so water follows

can cause hyponatraemia

Question 10

how does sacubitril work?

Answer 10

inhibits natriuretic inactivating enzyme, potentates effects of ANP/BNP causing natriuresis

also stops breakdown of bradykinin so vasodilation