Structure of The Earth Unit Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

The functional layer is located below the lithosphere and in the the mantle. greek for weak. upper mantle and relatively thin. 50-100 miles thick. highly viscous almost solid. pliable solid. flows reluctantly and molds around.

A

Asthenosphere

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2
Q

The functional layer of gases surrounding Earth. Mostly nitrogen and some oxygen.

A

atmosphere

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3
Q

all living organisms. is wherever there is liquid water. atmosphere and hydrosphere

A

biosphere

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4
Q

p-waves and s-waves. penentrate the surface or crust. propagation speeds change as waves continue to travel.

A

body waves

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5
Q

the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core

A

compositional layers

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6
Q

the thinnest and outer layer located on land.

A

continental crust

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7
Q

The circulation and process of cool/dense material sinking and hot/ less dense material rising. This repeats because as it sinks it heats up and as it floats it cools down.

A

convection cells

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8
Q

the theory that outer core and its lvz/ movement causes Earth’s magnetic field.

A

dynamo theory

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9
Q

calculated density of earth using its size. applies this to discovering more about the layers and Earth.

A

gravitational constant

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10
Q

all water on Earth: in any state of matter, on and in the crust, mostly in the ocean

A

hydrosphere

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11
Q

the furthest layer of earth from the surface. Most pressure and the hottest. single iron crystal. solid/ plasma. 10k degrees farenheit 70% size of the moon.

A

inner core

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12
Q

functional layer located on crust and upper mantle. greek for rock. rigid. tectonic plates.

A

lithosphere

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13
Q

the layers and their roles/groups. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, & inner core.

A

mechanical layers

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14
Q

the thinnest and outermost layer located in the ocean.

A

oceanic crust

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15
Q

only liquid layer, convection cells.

A

outer core

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16
Q

body wave that travels the fastest, can travel through solids or liquids and are compressional waves.

A

p-wave

17
Q

how the layers and how the planet forms.

A

planetary differentiation

18
Q

heat in the earth that is leftover from the formation of the earth.

A

primordial heat

19
Q

waves moving through a substance.

A

propagation.

20
Q

elements in the earth release radiation to become stable and change their form.

A

radioactive decay

21
Q

body wave seismic and moves at medium speed. transverse or shear and can only travel through solids

A

s- wave

22
Q

caused by earthquakes, landslides, nuclear detonations, volcanic eruption

A

seismic waves

23
Q

the graphic that is recorded of the seismic waves.

A

seismogram

24
Q

the machine that records waves /station

A

seismograph

25
Q

ppl who study the internal structure of the Earth and try to determine factors that contribute to or foretell an earthquake

A

Seismologist

26
Q

are created when waves bend and leave areas unaffected. 103 & 150 degrees for p-waves

A

shadow zone

27
Q

transverse. movement perp. to direction of propagation.

A

shear wave

28
Q

rayleigh and love
seismic waves that travel on the surface. epicenter around earth. shear waves.

A

surface wave

29
Q

the resistance of a material to flow

A

viscosity