disorders acrosyndromes

Question 1

raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 1

intermittent arterial vaso-occlusion or vasospasms usually on fingertips or toes

Question 2

raynaud’s phenomenon manifestations

Answer 2

pallor, cyanosis, rubor

Question 3

medical management of raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 3

• avoid stimuli that produces vasoconstriction
• calcium channel blocker (vasodilator)

Question 4

nursing management of raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 4

• educate pt to avoid cold, tobacco, and known stressors
• educate hypotension with CCBs

Question 5

varicose veins

Answer 5

reflux of venous blood occurs and causes venous stasis

Question 6

varicose veins manifestations

Answer 6

• distended protruding veins appear darkened and tortuous (brown pigment)
• swollen, dilated veins
• legs feel heavy or restless
• night cramps

Question 7

varicose veins risk factors

Answer 7

• standing/sitting for long periods of time
• heart disease
• obesity
• high estrogen states
• family history
• pregnancy
• lack of exercise
• smoking

Question 8

varicose veins medical management

Answer 8

Elastic compression socks
Elevation
Exercise

Question 9

lymphangitis

Answer 9

acute inflammation of lymphatic channels

Question 10

lymphangitis characteristic

Answer 10

red streaks extend up extremity outlining course of lymph vessels; recurrent episodes associated with progressive lymphedema

Question 11

lymphadenitis

Answer 11

acute inflammation of lymph node

Question 12

where is lymphadenitis most often found on the body

Answer 12

groin, axilla, or cervical region

Question 13

treatment for lymphangitis & lymphadenitis

Answer 13

• antibiotics
• NSAIDS
• graduated compression socks for a few months after the attack

Question 14

lymphedema

Answer 14

tissue swelling due to increased lymph from obstruction of lymph vessels

Question 15

primary vs secondary lymphedema

Answer 15

primary is congenital (occurs most often) primary is acquired obstructions

Question 16

lymphedema manifestations

Answer 16

edema becomes firm, non-pitting, and unresponsive to treatment

Question 17

lymphedema is most common in

Answer 17

• women over 35
• had axillary node dissection due to breast cancer
• chronic varicose veins

Question 18

elephantiasis

Answer 18

when chronic swelling is present from lymphedema and elevation of affected extremity reduces edema only slightly

Question 19

elephantiasis manifestations

Answer 19

• chronic fibrosis
• thickening of subcutaneous tissues
• hypertrophy of the skin

Question 20

medical management of lymphedema

Answer 20

• active & passive ROM
• external compression device
• elevation of extremity
• manual lymphatic drainage
• diuretics
• antibiotic therapy of lymphangitis

Question 21

cellulitis

Answer 21

when bacteria enters the skin and subcutaneous tissue
- swelling, localized, nonspecific

Question 22

cellulitis manifestations

Answer 22

• acute onset of swelling, localized redness, warmth, pain
• fever, chills, sweating
• regional lymph node enlargement

Question 23

medical management of cellulitis

Answer 23

mild: PO antibiotics
- severe: IV antibiotics

Question 24

nursing management of cellulitis

Answer 24

• elevate extremity
• apply cool, most packs every 24 hrs until inflammation resolves, then moist warm pack