TB pharm Flashcards
isoniazid MOA
disrupts cell wall synthesis essential functions of mycobacteria
INH + phenytoin side effects
increases effect of phenytoin, which has a ton of SE
INH + rifampin side effects
increase CNS and hepatotoxicity
isoniaizid black box warning
increased risk of hepatitis –> often given with pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
isoniazid side effects
peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, optic neuritis/visual disturbances, hyperglycemia
isoniazid nursing considerations
most widely used TB med
avoid antacids (decreases absorption of INH)
rifampin MOA
inhibits protein synthesis via attacking the hydrocarbon ring structure
(metabolized by liver)
rifampin side effects
hepatitis, hematologic disorders, red-brown discoloration of the urine and other body fluids
rifampin nursing considerations
first-line - commonly given with INH
route: PO or IV
ethambutol MOA
diffusing into the mycobacteria and suppresses RNA synthesis, which inhibits protein synthesis
ethambutol side effects
retrobulbar neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), blindness
ethambutol nursing considerations
route: PO
first-line bacteriostatic
usually in combo with rifampin and INH
NOT for < 13 years old
pyrazinamide MOA
UNKNOWN; thought to inhibit lipid and nucleic acid synthesis
pyrazinamide contraindications
not for pregnant women in US (may see other countries use during pregnancy)
severe hepatic disease or acute gout (hyperuricemia)
pyrazinamide side effects
hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia
