Forgiveness

Question 1

Enright’s (1993) model of forgiveness

Answer 1

Uncovering (releasing anger)
Decision (choosing to forgive)
Work (reframing, accepting hurt)
Outcome / Deepening (gaining deeper meaning and emotional relief)

Pneumonic: Ugly Ducklings Work Overnights

Question 2

Worthington (1995) Pyramid Model of forgiveness

Answer 2

REACH (bottom to top)

Hold onto forgiveness
Commitment to forgive
Altruistic gift
Empathise
Recall

Question 3

Role of forgiveness in mental health:

Answer 3

• promote healing within relationships
• Positive method to cope with a hurt/offence ➝ benefits “victim”
• key in personal wellbeing

Question 4

How does forgiveness correspond to specific traits (Trait Theory)?

Answer 4

• Higher levels of forgiveness corrleated aith
  low levels of neuroticism
• Agreeableness is related to forgiveness with
  positive correlations

Question 5

How does narcissism relate to forgiveness?

Answer 5

strong link to unforgiveness (Bishop and Lane 2002)

Question 6

How does attachment style relate to forgiveness?

Answer 6

Anxious attachment styles ⇒ DMs act as barrier ⇒ forgiveness is difficult (Hill & Mullen, 2000)