5. History of dental public health in Europe and Hungary.

Question 1

1. Definition of Health

Answer 1

Health – as defined by WHO - A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

Question 2

2. Health is determined base on 4 factors.
   What are they?

Answer 2

• biological factors
• healthcare organisations
• personalised behaviour
• environment

Question 3

3. What is public health?

Answer 3

Public health – promoting health and preventing disease through effort of society

Question 4

4. How is dental public health developed?

Answer 4

• preventing oral disease
• promoting oral health
• improving quality of life
• In Hungary, NPH provides for the basic oral healthcare (except prosthetics and orthodontics for ages 18-62 + oral health insurance is available

Question 5

5. What are the 4 phases of public health history?

Answer 5

• Phase I: 1840-1900 – John Snow – living conditions improvement and access to clean water
• Phase II: 1880-1930 – development of virology, microbiology, immunisation
• Phase III – 1930-1970 – medical service and service delivery in hospitals
• Phase IV – from 1974 – disease prevention

Question 6

5. Public health history
   a/ What happen in phase I

Answer 6

1840-1900
- John Snow 1854. mapped the location of the deaths during a cholera epidemic in London
- Rapid urbanization
- Overcrowding, poor housing and desperate living conditions for poor people
- Key factor in the improvement was the development of the living conditions and providing access to clean water

Question 7

5. Public health history
   b/ What happen in phase II

Answer 7

1880 - 1930
- Developments in microbiology and virology, immunization

Question 8

5. Public health history
   C/ What happen in phase III

Answer 8

1930 - 1974
- Focus on medical service and service delivery in the hospitals

Question 9

5. Public health history
   D/ What happen in phase IV

Answer 9

1974 - now
- Lalonde Report (Canada): WHO accepted as a program for helath prevention
o identified that in case of the chronic diseases considering etiological factors related to life style or environmental conditions, incongruously, most of the health care costs went into treatment rather than prevention.

• 2004. Wanless:
        o Effective control of the chronic conditions and promotes the maintenance of good health

Question 10

6. History of Public Health from the 19-th to the 21-st Century in Hungary

Answer 10

• József Fodor 1843 – 1901
  o honorary member of the Cambridge Academy of Sciences
  o Organized the first curriculum on public health in the Medical Faculty of Budapest and the work of the Public Health Institute of the University
  o Organized the school physician network in Hungary
  o He was founder of the Hungarian Public Health Association in 1885
  o He actively supported the modern establishment of the drinking water and the sewerage system of Budapest

Question 11

7. What are the preventative strategies in history of dental public health?

Answer 11

• caries prevention
• periodontal disease prevention
• prevention of oropharyngeal cancer (Hungary has the highest rate in Europe)

Question 12

8. What are global goals of dental public health?

Answer 12

1. 50% of 5-6 years old are caries free
2. 85% retain their teeth at the age of 18
3. 50% reduction of edentulousness of 35-44 years old
4. 25% reduction in edentulousness of ≥65 years old

Question 13

9. What are Overall goals of dental public health?

Answer 13

• minimise the impact ofcraniofacial or oral diseases and oral and craniofacial manifestation of systemic diseases
• early diagnosis, prevention, and management
• specifically in dentistry:
  +) reduce teeth loss / increase number of people with functional dentition (>21 teeth)
  +) reduce oral caries
  +) reduce periodontal diseases
  +) reduce number of edentulous

Question 14

10. We need to improve oral health awareness (promotion of prevention) on…

Answer 14

• Population level
• Individual level