10. Definition of contamination and cross infection. Most common microorganisms causing the health care environment

Question 1

1. Definition of Contamination

Answer 1

Contamination is the presence of or exposure to constituent that has not been intentionally added.

Question 2

2. Cross infection
   a/ Definition of Cross Infection

Answer 2

The passage of infection from one individual to an other in a health care environment

Question 3

2. Cross infection
   b/ What are the 2 types of route transmission?

Answer 3

1/ Direct contact with blood or saliva
2/ Indirect contact

Question 4

2. Cross infection
   c/ What are the 4 causes of indirect contact?

Answer 4

• injection or inoculation via sharp instruments or an open wound
• on fingers - patient to patient , via intermediate surfaces: clothing , chair controls. records
• contaminated instruments
• aerosol , spray , splutter

Question 5

2. Cross infection
   d/ What does severity of infection depend on? (3)

Answer 5

1/ The aggressive of microorganisms
2/ The number of microorganisms
3/ The multiplication and resistance capacity of microorganisms

Question 6

2. Cross infection
   e/ What are the 2 ways of infection?

Answer 6

The way of infection I
‣ Injury by a sharp contaminated instrument
‣ Contamination via the nose, the eye or the skin

The way of infection II
‣ Via aerosol, spray
‣ Via dropplets
‣ Via air

Question 7

2. Cross infection
   f/ The way of infection I
   ‣ Injury by a sharp contaminated instrument
   ‣ Contamination via the nose, the eye or the skin
   => What are the 3 most common diseases?

Answer 7

1/ Hepatitis B virus
2/ Hepatitis C virus
- Transmission is percutaneous via contaminated blood
3/ HIV virus

Question 8

2. Cross-infection
   g/ What is cross-infection procedures?

Answer 8

• Infection control procedures ought to prevent cross infection from all types of microorganisms
• Implementing safe and realistic infection control procedures requires the full compliance of the dental team
• Procedures should be regularly monitored during clinical sessions

Question 9

3. How should protection be?

Answer 9

Personal protection
1. Hand protection (jewelry, watches, artificial nails), wearing non-sterile and change after each patient surgery
2. Eye protection
3. Airway protection (e.g, mask)
4. Surgery clothing
5. Vaccination/ Immunization