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DMST 244 Obstetrics and Gyn Sonography 1 > Module 4: Embryology Of The Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Module 4: Embryology Of The Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The genital and urinary system develop at what rate?

A

The same time

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2
Q

Both the genital and urinary system arise from what?

A

The Mesoderm that initially takes the form of the wolffian body

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3
Q

The sex of the embryo is determined when?

A

At the fertilization by the sperm

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4
Q

The genital tracts of both males and females are the same until when?

A

Up until 7 weeks

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5
Q

The germ cells that sex the embryo originate where?

A

Yolk sac

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6
Q

The germ cells differentiate from what? And migrate where?

A

From other germ cells and migrate to the gonadal ridge

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7
Q

What is another name for the mesonephros?

A

Wolffian ducts

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8
Q

In males, hormones cause the differentiation and growth of what? This inhibits what?

A

Wolffian ducts and inhibit the Müllerian ducts

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9
Q

In males, primitive sex cords proliferate and what else?

A

Give rise to testes

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10
Q

What is another name for Müllerian ducts?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

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11
Q

What are the Müllerian ducts paired with?

A

Wolffian ducts

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12
Q

In females, with no Male hormones the Wolffian ducts do what?

A

Regress and the Müllerian ducts are stimulated by maternal hormones (Estrogen)

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13
Q

When the Wolffian ducts regress what forms? 3

A
  1. Fallopian tubes
  2. Uterus
  3. Proximal vagina
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14
Q

In females, the sex cords break up and are replaced by what?

A

Vascular storms, which forms ovarian medulla

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15
Q

In females, a second group of cords which are named what? Do what?

A

Cortical cords, they develop, forming the ovarian cortex

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16
Q

The vagina has how many origins?

A

Dual origins

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17
Q

What are the dual origins of the vagina?

A
  1. The upper portion of the Müllerian ducts
  2. The lower portion from the urogenital sinus
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18
Q

If the fusion of the dual origins of the vagina is not complete or incomplete what happens?

A

An impeforate hymen will result

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19
Q

The cranial or the upper proximal portion of the Müllerian ducts form what?

A

Fallopian tubes

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20
Q

The caudal ends of the Müllerian ducts form what?

A

The uterus and upper vagina

21
Q

What are the three classifications of abnormal Müllerian duct development?

A
  1. Arrested development
  2. Failure of fusion
  3. Incomplete resorption
22
Q

If one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop what happens? 2

A
  1. Uterine aphasia
  2. Unicornuate uterus
23
Q

What is Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser?

A

Complete agenesis of uterus and vagina

24
Q

What is another way to reference Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser?

A

MRKH syndrome

25
Q

What happens in arrested development

A

If one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop

26
Q

What happens when there is a failure to fuse?

A

The Müllerian ducts develop but fail to fuse together

27
Q

What are some results of failure to fusion? 4

A
  1. Uterus didelphys
  2. Uterus Bicornis Bicollis
  3. Uterus Bicornis unicorns
  4. Uterus Arcturus
28
Q

Which failure to fusion is most commonly viewed on ultrasound?

A

Uterus Bicornis unicollis

29
Q

What is a Bicornuate uterus?

A

Serous all indent (outside of uterus) is greater than 10 mm at Fundus

30
Q

What happens during incomplete resorption?

A

The Müllerian ducts fuse but the septum is not reabsorbed

31
Q

What are two examples of incomplete resorption?

A
  1. Uterus septus (full)
  2. Uterus Subseptus (partial)
32
Q

Which incomplete resorption is the most common occurring of all mullerian anomalies?

A

Uterus subseptus (partial)

33
Q

Which incomplete resorption example has the poorest reproductive outcome?

A

Uterus subseptus (partial)

34
Q

Why is Uterus subseptus (partial) the poorest abnormal Müllerian development?

A

The Septus does not have a good vascular supply to support pregnancy

35
Q

The Serosal (outside) surface of the septa the uterus has what kind of contour?

A

Normal

36
Q

For a septate uterus the indentation of what appears where?

A

Indentation of greater than 1cm of the endometrium from the fundus

37
Q

IN a septate uterus the septum runs the length of what?

A

The entire endometrial canal

38
Q

In a subseptate uterus the septum is where?

A

Only partial down the canal

39
Q

What is diethylstilbestrol exposure?

A

DES was a drug prescribed to stop spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

40
Q

What does DES do?

A

Interferes with the development of the mesenchyme of the genital tract in uterine

41
Q

What is DES associated with?

A

Reproductive complications- depending on the amount of DES ingested, and the gestation age of the fetus at the time of exposure

42
Q

When was DES discontinued?

A

1971 after it was proved to cause clear cell carcinoma of vagina

43
Q

Those exposed to DES has a higher risk of what?

A

Breast cancer (2x as likely)

44
Q

What do DES exposed women have?

A

Uterine anomalies

45
Q

How common is a T shaped uterus?

A

31%

46
Q

The T shaped uterus has a uterine cavity that has what volume? This results in what?

A

Uterine cavity has less volume and increased risk of spontaneous abortions, ectopic pregnancies and preterm deliveries

47
Q

How is a T-shaped uterus best diagnosed?

A

With hysterosalpingograms?

48
Q

Failures to fuse will always have a what?

A

A divit at the tops above the fundus

DMST 244 Obstetrics and Gyn Sonography 1 (22 decks)

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