Structure of the nervous system Flashcards
What are the 2 systems of the Nervous System
CNS
PNS
What are the branches of CNS
Brain - Receives and processes sensory information, initiate responses, stores memories and generates thoughts/emotions
Spinal Cord - Conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities
What are the branches of the PNS
Motor Neurons - CNS to muscles and glands
Sensory Neurons - Sensory organs to CNS
What are systems are motor neurons responsible for
Somatic nervous system - controls voluntary movements
Autonomic nervous system - controls involuntary responses (sympathetic fight or flight and parasympathetic rest and digest)
3 major brain regions
forebrain - cerebrum (telencephalon and diencephalon)
brain stem - midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
cerebellum
location and function of hippocampus
region of the cerebral cortex (deep within temporal lobe)
Learning, memory formation & retrieval and regulation of HPA axis
what are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves
→ Olfactory I - sensory, smell, olfactory epithelium to olfR to olf bulb to hippocampus, frontal cortex, hypothalamus and amygdala
→ Optic II - sensory, vision, rods and cones to LGN (thalamus) to visual cortex (occipital lobe) = image & colour
→ Oculomotor III - motor, eyes and eyelid, visceral/auto motor = pupil size control via parasympathetic innervation
→ Trochlear IV - motor, eye movement, superior oblique
→ Trigeminal V - sensory, of face & motor, chewing muscles
→ Abducens VI - somatic motor, eye movement by lateral rectus muscle = lateral movement
→ Facial VII - somatic sensory movement of muscle of facial expression, special sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
→ Vestibulocochlear VIII - special sensory, hearing and balance
→ Glossopharyngeal IX - special sensory of taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue, visceral sensory detection of BP changes in aorta, somatic motor movement of muscles in throat, visceral motor parasympathetic control of salivary glands
→ Vagus X - sensation of pain of viscera, somatic motor of throat muscle movement, visceral motor parasympathetic control of heart, lungs and abdominal organs
→Spinal Accessory XI - somatic motor movement of muscles in throat and neck
→ Hypoglossal XII - somatic motor movement of the tongue
3 layers of the meninges
Dua mater - inner elastic layer surrounding brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid membrane - network of fibres and collagen, separated from the dua by sub-dural space
Pia mater - thin membrane adhering close to brain surface, separated from arachnoid by subarachnoid space, filled with CSF
Functions of meninges
protection
passage of CSF in the ventricular system
passage of cerebral & spinal blood vessels in the vasculature sytem
3 compoents of the ventricular system
lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
choroid plexus within ventricles responsible for producing CSF
function of ventricular system
protection of the brain, cushioning
transport of nutrients and waste via CSF
regulation of buoyancy
