atherosclerosis

Question 1

risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 1

age
tobacco
high serum cholestrol
obesity
diabetes
hypertension
FAMILY HISTORY

Question 2

Where is atheroscelorosis usually found

Answer 2

found within peripheral and coronary arteries

Question 3

distribution may be governed by haemodynamic factors such as

Answer 3

change in flow / turbulence at bifurcations
wall thickness

Question 4

what does an atherosclerotic plaque consist of

Answer 4

lipid
necrotic core
connective tissue
fibrous cap

Question 5

what is atherosclerosis induced by

Answer 5

endothelial injury which leads to endothelial dysfunction

Question 6

what occurs once inflammation is initiated in an atheroscelorotic plaque

Answer 6

• chemoattractants are released from endothelium and send signals to leukocytes

Question 7

inflammatory cytokines found in plaques ?

Answer 7

IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IFN-Y
TGF-B

Question 8

5 stages of atherosclerosis

Answer 8

fatty streaks
intermediate lesions
fibrous plaques/ advanced lesions
plaque rupture
plaque erosion

Question 9

what does a fatty streak consist of

Answer 9

aggregation of lipid laden macrophages and T lymphocytes within the intimal layer of vessel wall

Question 10

dangers of fibrous plaques/ advanced lesions

Answer 10

impede blood flow
prone to rupture
may be calcified

Question 11

major cell types involved in atherogenesis are ?

Answer 11

endothelium, macrophages, smooth muscle cells and platelets

Question 12

common treatment for coronary artery disease

Answer 12

PCI- percutaneous coronary intervention

Question 13

which arteries does atherogenesis affect the most commonly

Answer 13

LAD, circumflex and RCA

Question 14

WHAT IS insidious disease

Answer 14

a silent disease

Question 15

atheroscleorosis is the principle cause of what 3 issues

Answer 15

heart atack
stroke
gangrene

Question 16

which is the best known risk factor for coronary artery disease

Answer 16

AGE

Question 17

why is smoking a risk factor for CAD

Answer 17

DAMAGE to the endothelium

Question 18

what happens to the tunica intima in disease

Answer 18

tunica media will begin to thin

Question 19

what is inflammation good for

Answer 19

pathogens
parasites
tumors
wound healing

Question 20

what will large amounts of IL1 cause

Answer 20

FEVER- first chemical mediator of acute inflammation

Question 21

what are coronary stents used in patients today made of

Answer 21

metal- steel

Question 22

role of aspirin

Answer 22

irreversible inhibitor of platelet cyclo-oxygenase

Question 23

man role of statins

Answer 23

reducing cholestrol synthesis

Question 24

what is an intermediate lesion composed of ?

Answer 24

foam cells
vascular smooth muscle cells
t lymphocytes
adhesion and aggregation of platelets to vessel wall

Question 25

what does a fibrous plaque consist of

Answer 25

smooth muscle cells
macrophages
foam cells
t lymphocytes

Question 26

comparison of plaque rupture and plaque erosion

Answer 26

-ruptured plaque has a large lipid core with abundant inflammatory cells
- eroded plaques have a small lipid core, disrupted endothelium and a larger lumen