Regeneration of SOC

Question 1

Weidhuner 2021 (regen tillage)

Answer 1

ZT = more C storage (49 year long study)

Question 2

Sun et al 2011 (regen tillage)

Answer 2

RT also increased surface C storage, but not as much

Question 3

Anger and Erikson-Hames 2008 (regen tillage)

Answer 3

only detectable after decades

Question 4

Olson and Al-Kaisi 2015 (regen tillage)

Answer 4

ZT = more top, less sub, maintain deep, CT = less top, maintain deep

Question 5

Rillig et al 2002 (regen myc)

Answer 5

macroaggregate stability increased with hyphae

Question 6

Ji and Chen 2019 (regen myc)

Answer 6

mycorrhizae increased the energy required for macroaggregate breakdown

Question 7

Verbruggen et al 2010 (regen myc)

Answer 7

mycorrhizal species richness increased with the duration of organic management

Question 8

Perez-Morano and Read 2000 (regen myc)

Answer 8

positive feedback between ectomycorrhiza nutrient uptake and leaf area for C sequestration

Question 9

Wang et al 2021 (regen temp)

Answer 9

increased C sequestration could keep global temp <1.5 C in 2100

Question 10

Sanderman et al 2017 (regen hotspots)

Answer 10

SOC hotspots should be targets for restoration

Question 11

Yao et al 2017 (regen assessment)

Answer 11

carbon assessment, considered SOC but not soil structure, erosion or nutrient leaching

Question 12

Austen et al 2022 (regen leys)

Answer 12

3 yr grass-clover leys = more worms, macroaggregates, SOC and mycorrhiza diversity

Question 13

Johnston et al 2017 (regen leys)

Answer 13

more SOC with 3 yr leys and 2 crop rotations

Question 14

Sun et al 2018 (regen leys)

Answer 14

short lived wheat roots = 0.4 tonnes C ha-1 yr-1

Question 15

McNally et al 2015 (regen leys)

Answer 15

perennial grass-clover ley roots = 1 tonne C ha-1 yr-1

Question 16

Bergkvist 2011 (regen cover)

Answer 16

clover cover crops increase yield of subsequent spring barley

Question 17

Lee 2016 (regen cover)

Answer 17

winter cover crops increase mycorrhiza in spring oats in Leicestershire

Question 18

Mahal et al 2019 (regen N)

Answer 18

N fertilizer = potentially more SOC mineralization so less SOC stocks

Question 19

Han 2016 (regen N)

Answer 19

N fertilizer = higher yield and biomass so more crop residue input and root C input

Question 20

Yu et al 2015 (regen input)

Answer 20

compost and fertilizer increases SOC

Question 21

Rong 2016 (regen input)

Answer 21

organic manure significantly increases soil C & N accumulation rates

Question 22

Blanco-Canqui and Lal 2009 (regen input)

Answer 22

more crop residue removal = less SOC

Question 23

Kimani et al 2020 (regen input)

Answer 23

N-fixing azolla = more SOC, less methane and nitrous oxide, some CO2 released but overall 90% reduction in g.g. emissions

Question 24

Lal 2008 (regen input)

Answer 24

biochar = slow decomposition, more C, but less native SOC and humus

Question 25

Toffey and Brown 2020 (regen input)

Answer 25

biosolids increase nutrients and organic matter

Question 26

Nizzetto et al 2016 (regen input)

Answer 26

biosolids increase microplastics and worm mortality

Question 27

Wang et al 2021 (regen input)

Answer 27

lime = 40% higher yeild, more SOC storage, more CO2 but overall beneficial

Question 28

Carmeis-Filho et al 2017 (regen input)

Answer 28

lime increased root growth and SOC concentration

Question 29

Lal 2008 (regen input)

Answer 29

input efficiency is only increased if SOC > ~1.1% (critical value)