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G11 General Biology 1 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common biomolecules at the human body?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

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2
Q

Macromolecules are ________bonded.

A

Covalently

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3
Q

How do you synthesize polymers?

A

Dehydration

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4
Q

How do you break down polymers?

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

What are the monosaccharides?

A
  1. Glucose (aldose)
  2. Fructose (ketose)
  3. Galactose (aldose)
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6
Q

What are the 2 sugars that make up lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose = lactose

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7
Q

Glucose + Glucose = ?

A

Maltose

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8
Q

What sugars make sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

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9
Q

What is the cause of lactose intolerance?

A

Person doesn’t produce enough lactase

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10
Q

Polysaccharides have how many linkages?

A

10+

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11
Q

Explain glycosidic linkage.

A

This is a linkage that forms when 2 monosaccharides covalently bond.

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12
Q

What are the 2 main functions of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Storage
  2. Structural
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13
Q

How are plants and animals different in storing carbohydrates?

A

Plants: through STARCH @chloroplast
Animals: through GLYCOGEN @liver & muscle cells

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14
Q

Give an example of the usage of chitin.

A

Surgical threads

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15
Q

Lipids can form polymers. T/F?

A

F

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16
Q

What are the different kinds of lipids?

A

Fats & Oils, Steroids, Phospholipid, Wax

17
Q

What kind of linkage connects the 2 smaller molecules, glycerol and fatty acid, to form fat?

A

Ester linkage

18
Q

What is the 3 carbon alcohol found in fat?

A

Glycerol

19
Q

Briefly explain how fats become triglycerides?

A

Fat -> dehydration -> ester linkage -> triglycerol

20
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated: straight
Unsaturated: bent

21
Q

What caused the bending in unsaturated fats?

A

It has a double bond. -> bent

22
Q

Where do we typically see unsaturated fats?

A

Plants

23
Q

Which is healthier, saturated or unsaturated? Why?

A

Unsaturated decrease cholesterol levels, anti-inflammatory

24
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails

25
Q

Can unsaturated fats be made in the body?

A

No. We get from plants.

26
Q

Give examples of unsaturated fats.

A

Omega 3 and Omega 6

27
Q

What are steroids?

A

A lipid. 4 fused RINGS

28
Q

Give an example of steroids.

A

Cholesterol

29
Q

What are cholesterols for?

A

Animal cell membrane

30
Q

What are the effects of steroids?

A
  1. Androgenic (masculinizing)
  2. Anabolic/Promote Growth
31
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acid

32
Q

What are proteins for?

A

Structure, storage & transport, communication, movement, enzyme, genetic expression

G11 General Biology 1 (8 decks)

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