Chapter 6 biology

Question 1

is the ability to do work

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

the energy of motion,
such as a person running, a gun firing, or
water running down a drain.

Answer 2

Kinetic Energy

Question 3

stored energy whose
capacity to accomplish work is not being
used at the moment.

Answer 3

Potential Energy

Question 4

When we do work, our body converts this
chemical potential energy into a type of
kinetic energy called

Answer 4

mechanical energy

Question 5

The food we eat is
a type of potential energy that is stored
as- (ex. carbs, proteins, fats)

Answer 5

chemical energy

Question 6

2 laws of thermodynamics

Answer 6

1. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
2. Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of useable energy.

Question 7

The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell is called

Answer 7

metabolism

Question 8

substances that participate
in a reaction.

Answer 8

reactants

Question 9

substances that are formed
from a reaction.

Answer 9

products

Question 10

are numbers written in front
of a reactant or product to make each
side equal

Answer 10

coefficients

Question 11

the 2 metabolic pathways

Answer 11

catabolic pathways, anabolic pathways

Question 12

release energy
by breaking down larger molecules to
smaller ones.

Answer 12

catabolic pathway

Question 13

use energy from
catabolic pathways to build large
molecules from smaller ones.

Answer 13

anabolic pathway

Question 14

reactions that require input of
energy (which is most often
ATP energy in cells.)

Answer 14

endergonic reactions

Question 15

Metabolism includes
spontaneous reactions

Answer 15

exergonic reactions

Question 16

The minimum amount of energy needed
for reactants to form products in a
chemical reaction

Answer 16

activation energy

Question 17

are molecules that speed up
chemical reactions without itself being
affected by the reaction.

Answer 17

enzymes

Question 18

what helps a reactant turn into a product

Answer 18

catalyst

Question 19

The nonprotein organic molecules are
called coenzymes and consist of

Answer 19

1. NAD
2. FAD
   3.NADP

Question 20

is when an
inhibitor molecule bonds to an enzyme to
decrease its activity.

Answer 20

enzyme inhibition

Question 21

occurs where
the molecule that inhibits attaches to the
enzyme at a place on the enzyme other
than the active site.

Answer 21

noncompetitive inhibition

Question 22

occurs when the
inhibitor molecule competes with the
substrate for the active site, which keeps
products from forming.

Answer 22

competitive inhibition

Question 23

refers to the loss of electrons.

Answer 23

oxidation

Question 24

refers to the gain of electrons.

Answer 24

reduction

Question 25

works together but opposites

Answer 25

photosynthesis and respirations