Section 2: Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
What are the two layers of bone that every bone has?
Outer cortical layer and inner cancellous layer.
An outer layer of compact bone, and an inner layer of spongy bone.
What is the outer cortical layer made up of?
made up of compact bone, which is hard and strong.
What is the inner cancellous layer made up of?
made up of spongy bone, which appears porous (lots of holes) and spongelike.
Where is bone marrow found?
In bones, within the medullary cavity, which is the inner cavity of the bone.
What are flat bones?
They have a large surface area and are bones of the skull.
What are irregular bones?
Bones that don’t fit any of the other classifications. Includes vertebra
What are long bones?
Bones that are longer than they are wide and an elongated shaft. Includes the femur.
What are short bones?
They are wide as they are tall, and provide stability and some movement. Includes the bones in the wrist and ankle.
What are sesamoid bones?
They are bones imbedded within the tendon. For example, and patella.
What are the 3 main features of long bones? Detail each feature.
- Epiphysis
knobby, enlarged regions at the end, form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments.
- Metaphysis
Region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
- Diaphysis
Elongated clyindrical shaft.
What are the 3 additional features of long bones? Detail each feature.
- Articular Cartilage
Covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in moveable joints.
- Periosteum
A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone, except for areas covered by articular cartilage. Protects the bone, contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone, and has cells that are responsible for forming new bone tissue.
- Medullary Cavity
Blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow, within the medullary cavity.
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
Hyaline because it lines the joint surface.
