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MRCPCH TAS > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

cWhat are the different cortexes?

A

Archicortex - oldest part
Paleocortex - olfactory function
Neocortex - accounts of 90% of cortex

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2
Q

Treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

Sodium valproate - the majority of children will need to take medication lifelong

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3
Q

Immune cells of the CNS?

A

Microglia

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4
Q

Cells responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

What are the two main types of astrocyte?

A

Protoplasmic
Fibrous

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6
Q

Cells involved in CSF circulation and fluid homeostasis?

A

Ependymal cells

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7
Q

Cells involved in contributing to the blood brain barrier, neurotransmission and repair of nervous tissue?

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q

What are the biogenic amine neurotransmitters?

A

Histamine
Seratonin
Catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine)

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9
Q

Define the features of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

“Fight or flight”

Uterine contraction
Bronchial dilatation
Pupils dilate
Peristalsis stops
Gycogen is converted to glucose
Adrenaline released
Pilo-erection

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10
Q

Define the features of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

“Rest and digest” or “feed and breed”

Sexual arousal
Stimulation of bladder detrusor muscles
Uterine vasodilatation
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Digestion & defecation
Pupils constrict
Activation of peristalsis

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11
Q

What is Sandifer Syndrome?

A

Condition that involves paroxysmal spasmodic torsional dystonia with arching of the back and rigid opisthotonic posturing. It is association with gastro-oesophageal reflux, and, in some cases, hiatus hernia

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12
Q

Chorioretinal lacunar defects and morning glory anomaly =

A

Aicardi Syndrome

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13
Q

Which cranial venous sinus is unpaired?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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14
Q

What are the features of Brown-Sequard syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral weakness below lesion, loss of proprioception and vibration sensation
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

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15
Q

Cells responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS?

A

Microglia

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16
Q

Cells responsible for CSF production in the CNS?

A

Epenymal cells in the choroid plexus

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17
Q

What is a ketogenic diet?

A

High fat, low carbohydrate

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18
Q

Which conditions are associated with benign intracranial hypertension?

A

Obesity
ALL
Polycythaemia
Lyme disease

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19
Q

Broca’s area

A

Comprehension is unimpaired - ability to speak is impaired

20
Q

Wernickes area

A

Comprehnsion is impaired

21
Q

HSV encephalitis typically affects which area of the brain?

A

Temporal lobes

22
Q

EEG shows Centro-temporal spikes?

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy

23
Q

Lesions of the frontal lobe cause?

A

Contralateral hemiplegia
Broca’s area (dominant)
Impaired problem solving
Disinhibition
Lack of intitative

24
Q

Lesions of the temporal lobe cause?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia (dominant)
Homonymous upper quadrantanopia
Auditory agnosia (non-dominant)

25
Q

Lesions of the parietal lobe cause?

A

Non-dominant - Anosognosia, dressing apraxia, spatial neglect, constructional apraxia

Dominant - Gerstmann’s syndrome

26
Q

Lesions of the occipital lobe cause?

A

Visual agnosia, visual illusions, contralateral homonymous hemianopia

27
Q

Mneumonic for cranial nerves?

A

Oh - Olfactory
Oh - Optic
Oh - Opthalmic
To - Trochlear
Touch - Trigeminal
And - Abducens
Feel - Facial
Very - Vestibulocochlear
Good - Glossopharyngeal
Velvet - Vestibulococohlear
Ah - Accessory
Ha - Hypoglossal

28
Q

Mneumonic for function of cranial nerves?

A

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most

29
Q

Gag reflex nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

30
Q

Accomodation reflex nerve and pupillary light reflex?

A

Occulomotor nerve

31
Q

Corneal reflex nerve?

A

Facial nerve

32
Q

Orbital blow out fracture affects which muscle?

A

Inferior rectus muscle

33
Q

Which cranial nerve is often most affected in raised ICP?

A

Abducens nerve

34
Q

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibres?

A

1973 - I, III, VII, IX

35
Q

Causes of mitosis (small pupil)?

A

Iritis
Corneal ulcer
Uveitis
Horners syndrome
Intracranial haemorrhage
Argyll-Robertson pupil (syphilis)

36
Q

Optic glioma = ??

A

Marcus gunn pupil

37
Q

What does confrontation testing test?

A

Visual fields

38
Q

Hirschburg test looks for?

A

Occular malalignment

39
Q

The roof of the oral cavity is formed of?

A

The maxilla bone and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

40
Q

What do the spinothalamic tracts carry?

A

Pain and temperature control

41
Q

What do the dorsal columns control?

A

Fine touch, proprioception and vibration sensation

42
Q

Where do the spinothalamic tracts decussate?

A

Thalamus

43
Q

Where do the dorsal columns decussate?

A

Medulla

44
Q

What are the properties of substances that easily cross the blood brain barrier?

A

Lipophilic
Small, non-polar molecules
Able to bind to transport receptors

45
Q

Which practical measures can be taken to reduce ICP?

A

Hyperventilation (therefore low CO2)
45 degree positioning of bed

MRCPCH TAS (8 decks)

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