chapt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

British fought French & Native Americans for control of North America; British won

A

french and indian war

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2
Q

General search warrants that allowed British authorities to search whatever they wanted and for whatever reason; used to board and search colonial ships as a way of enforcing the Navigation Laws

A

writs of assistance

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3
Q

Issued by King George III; forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and put the territory under British military control

A

proclamation of 1763

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4
Q

Law which required tax to be paid on all printed material

A

stamp act

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5
Q

Protest slogan made by colonists in which they appealed to the fact that they had no one in Parliament speaking for them; therefore, they did not have to obey laws requiring them to pay taxes

A

no taxation without representation

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6
Q

Law passed by Parliament that stated it had the authority to tax the colonies

A

declaratory act

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7
Q

British soldiers fired shots at an angry mob of colonists; several killed; event depicted as a brutal slaying of innocent civilians and increased colonial resentment; March, 1770

A

Boston massacre

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8
Q

Protest in which colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians, raided British ships, and dumped crates of tea into Boston harbor; December, 1773

A

Boston tea party

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9
Q

Passed by Parliament in response to the tea party; closed harbor and placed a military governor over Massachusetts. England also expanded the Canadian border, taking land away from certain colonies

A

coercive/intolerable acts

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10
Q

Meeting of colonial representatives in September, 1774; issued statement to the king that colonists had a right to be represented in their government and, since they were not, they were entitled to govern themselves

A

first continental congress

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11
Q

Small towns where first shots of Revolutionary War were fired

A

Lexington and Concord

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12
Q

Meeting of colonial representatives in 1775 to deal with the events at Lexington and Concord; those in attendance later voted to declare independence

A

second continental congress

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13
Q

Author of Declaration of Independence, leader of the anti-federalists and late the Democratic-Republicans who believed in a strict interpretation of Constitution; later served as Secretary of State and third President of US

A

Thomas Jefferson

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14
Q

Idea that all men are created equal

A

egalitarianism

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15
Q

Another term for natural rights that government cannot morally take away; include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

A

inalienable rights

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16
Q

Document drafted by Jefferson and signed by Second Continental Congress that officially proclaims the US is a free and independent nation

A

declaration of independence

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17
Q

Commander of the Continental army; presided at Constitutional Convention; first President of US

A

george washington

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18
Q

Colonial forces led by Horatio Gates defeated British in this battle; convinced the French the colonies could possibly win the war so they decided to give aid to the American forces

A

saratoga

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19
Q

site of the final major battle of the revolutionary war and where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington

A

yorktown

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20
Q

first attempt by the United States at a national body of laws. It failed because it did not give enough power to the federal (national) government to lead effectively.

A

articles of confederation

21
Q

body of national laws for the United States of America which also serve as the framework of the nation’s government.

A

constitution

22
Q

compromise at the Constitutional Convention that stated that each slave would count as “three-fifths of a person” in terms of population

A

3/5 compromise

23
Q

compromise plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention that was adopted by the delegates. It established a legislative branch with two houses. One house, called the House of Representatives, would be elected directly by the people and each state granted a certain number of seats based on population. The other house, called the Senate, would be elected by state legislatures with each state having two senators, regardless of population. Together, the two houses would comprise Congress.

A

great compromise

24
Q

Under this agreement, Northerners who opposed the slave trade agreed to allow it to continue for twenty years, after which time Congress could impose regulations. This was important to Southerners who insisted that their economy could not survive without the slave trade

A

slave trade compromise

25
Q

the first ten amendments (additions) to the Constitution which stem from many of the principles expressed in the Declaration of Independence and which are intended to protect the civil rights of citizens

A

bill of rights

26
Q

faction/political party that favored a strong central government and supported the Constitution. They tended to have a loose interpretation of the Constitution, favored the interest of business over agriculture, and were led by men like Alexander Hamilton.

A

federalist party

27
Q

faction that opposed the Federalists and wanted to see stronger state governments. They eventually formed the foundation of the Democratic-Republican party. They tended to favor farming over business and had a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson was one of their main leaders

A

anti federalists/ democratic republicans

28
Q

written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay in order to make their case for the Constitution and to persuade New York’s legislature to ratify it

A

federalists papers

29
Q

Washington’s secretary of the treasury and one of the Federalists main leaders. His economic plan helped the nation’s economy survive following ratification of the Constitution.

A

alexander hamilton

30
Q

A loose interpretation is the view that the Constitution grants the federal government the authority to take certain actions not specifically stated in the document so long as such actions are deemed necessary for carrying out the government’s constitutional responsibilities. By contrast, a strict interpretation asserts that the federal government can only do what the Constitution specifically says

A

interpretation of the constitution

31
Q

Group that believed in a strong national government, felt that political power should be entrusted to the educated upper classes, and supported business over agriculture. Hamilton was a key figure in the Federalist Party

A

federalist party

32
Q

Party that arose in opposition to the Federalists. Their leader was Thomas Jefferson. Democratic-Republicans favored stronger state governments and a weaker national government

A

anti federalists

33
Q

acts passed by the Federalists which established residency requirements for citizenship, allowed for the arrest and detainment of suspicious foreigners, and placed restrictions of free speech. These laws outraged Democratic-Republicans because they were often used to silence Federalist critics and were seen as favoring Federalists politically

A

alien and sedation acts, john locke passed these

34
Q

These resolutions stated that if a state believed a federal law to be unconstitutional, then it did not have to obey or enforce it. They established the doctrine of nullification.

A

virginia and kentucky resolutions

35
Q

idea that states can nullify (not be bound by/ignore) a national law that they believe violates the Constitution

A

doctrine of nullification

36
Q

a form of government in which the people elect representatives to vote on matters, pass laws, and set public policy for them.

A

representative government

37
Q

a form of government in which the people rule by voting or voicing their opinions

A

democracy

38
Q

system in which power is divided among more than one branch of government in order to prevent any one body or individual from becoming too powerful.

A

separation of powers

39
Q

system in which one branch of government has certain ways to “check” the powers of the other branches.

A

checks and balances

40
Q

system in which power is shared between more than one level of government (ie, federal and state).

A

federalism

41
Q

branch responsible for making the laws; Congress

A

legislative

42
Q

house of Congress based on each state’s population.

A

house of representatives

43
Q

house of Congress in which each state has two representatives.

A

senate

44
Q

branch responsible for enforcing the laws (the president, vice president).

A

executive

45
Q

chief executive of the United States and commander-in-chief of the nation’s military forces. He/she serves as the nation’s leader.

A

president

46
Q

branch of government responsible for making sure laws are administered appropriately

A

judicial

47
Q

court case that established the Supreme Court’s authority of judicial review

A

marbury v madison

48
Q

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the majority opinion in Marbury v. Madison

A

john marshall

49
Q

power of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress and/or state legislatures unconstitutional

A

judicial review